Monodromy
In mathematics, monodromy is the study of how objects from mathematical analysis, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and differential geometry behave as they "run round" a singularity. As the name
Regular homotopy
In the mathematical field of topology, a regular homotopy refers to a special kind of homotopy between immersions of one manifold in another. The homotopy must be a 1-parameter family of immersions. S
Thom space
In mathematics, the Thom space, Thom complex, or Pontryagin–Thom construction (named after René Thom and Lev Pontryagin) of algebraic topology and differential topology is a topological space associat
Dold manifold
In mathematics, a Dold manifold is one of the manifolds , where is the involution that acts as −1 on the m-sphere and as complex conjugation on the complex projective space . These manifolds were cons
Delta set
In mathematics, a Δ-set S, often called a semi-simplicial set, is a combinatorial object that is useful in the construction and triangulation of topological spaces, and also in the computation of rela
Adams operation
In mathematics, an Adams operation, denoted ψk for natural numbers k, is a cohomology operation in topological K-theory, or any allied operation in algebraic K-theory or other types of algebraic const
Combinatorial topology
In mathematics, combinatorial topology was an older name for algebraic topology, dating from the time when topological invariants of spaces (for example the Betti numbers) were regarded as derived fro
Free product
In mathematics, specifically group theory, the free product is an operation that takes two groups G and H and constructs a new group G ∗ H. The result contains both G and H as subgroups, is generated
One-relator group
In the mathematical subject of group theory, a one-relator group is a group given by a group presentation with a single defining relation. One-relator groups play an important role in geometric group
Symplectic frame bundle
In symplectic geometry, the symplectic frame bundle of a given symplectic manifold is the canonical principal -subbundle of the tangent frame bundle consisting of linear frames which are symplectic wi
James embedding
In mathematics, the James embedding is an embedding of a real, complex, or hyperbolic projective space into a sphere, introduced by Ioan James .
Complex cobordism
In mathematics, complex cobordism is a generalized cohomology theory related to cobordism of manifolds. Its spectrum is denoted by MU. It is an exceptionally powerful cohomology theory, but can be qui
Lie algebra bundle
In mathematics, a weak Lie algebra bundle is a vector bundle over a base space X together with a morphism which induces a Lie algebra structure on each fibre . A Lie algebra bundle is a vector bundle
Plus construction
In mathematics, the plus construction is a method for simplifying the fundamental group of a space without changing its homology and cohomology groups. Explicitly, if is a based connected CW complex a
Nonholonomic system
A nonholonomic system in physics and mathematics is a physical system whose state depends on the path taken in order to achieve it. Such a system is described by a set of parameters subject to differe
Duocylinder
The duocylinder, also called the double cylinder or the bidisc, is a geometric object embedded in 4-dimensional Euclidean space, defined as the Cartesian product of two disks of respective radii r1 an
Murasugi sum
In algebraic topology, a Murasugi sum is a function that relates a finite sequence of surfaces over a disk, which is common to every parallel pair (adjacent), in such a way that it exists in the bound
House with two rooms
House with two rooms or Bing's house is a particular contractible, 2-dimensional simplicial complex that is not collapsible. The name was given by R. H. Bing. The house is made of 2-dimensional panels
Sheaf of spectra
In algebraic topology, a presheaf of spectra on a topological space X is a contravariant functor from the category of open subsets of X, where morphisms are inclusions, to the good category of commuta
G-fibration
In algebraic topology, a G-fibration or principal fibration is a generalization of a principal G-bundle, just as a fibration is a generalization of a fiber bundle. By definition, given a topological m
Torus knot
In knot theory, a torus knot is a special kind of knot that lies on the surface of an unknotted torus in R3. Similarly, a torus link is a link which lies on the surface of a torus in the same way. Eac
Cosheaf
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a cosheaf with values in an ∞-category C that admits colimits is a functor F from the category of open subsets of a topological space X (more precisely its nerve)
Milnor's sphere
In mathematics, specifically differential and algebraic topology, during the mid 1950's John Milnorpg 14 was trying to understand the structure of -connected manifolds of dimension (since -connected -
Irreducible ideal
In mathematics, a proper ideal of a commutative ring is said to be irreducible if it cannot be written as the intersection of two strictly larger ideals.
Cocycle category
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the cocycle category of objects X, Y in a model category is a category in which the objects are pairs of maps and the morphisms are obvious commutative dia
N-skeleton
In mathematics, particularly in algebraic topology, the n-skeleton of a topological space X presented as a simplicial complex (resp. CW complex) refers to the subspace Xn that is the union of the simp
Induced homomorphism
In mathematics, especially in algebraic topology, an induced homomorphism is a homomorphism derived in a canonical way from another map. For example, a continuous map from a topological space X to a t
G-spectrum
In algebraic topology, a G-spectrum is a spectrum with an action of a (finite) group. Let X be a spectrum with an action of a finite group G. The important notion is that of the homotopy fixed point s
Ramification (mathematics)
In geometry, ramification is 'branching out', in the way that the square root function, for complex numbers, can be seen to have two branches differing in sign. The term is also used from the opposite
Simplicial map
A simplicial map (also called simplicial mapping) is a function between two simplicial complexes, with the property that the images of the vertices of a simplex always span a simplex. Simplicial maps
Glossary of topology
This is a glossary of some terms used in the branch of mathematics known as topology. Although there is no absolute distinction between different areas of topology, the focus here is on general topolo
Shelling (topology)
In mathematics, a shelling of a simplicial complex is a way of gluing it together from its maximal simplices (simplices that are not a face of another simplex) in a well-behaved way. A complex admitti
Borsuk–Ulam theorem
In mathematics, the Borsuk–Ulam theorem states that every continuous function from an n-sphere into Euclidean n-space maps some pair of antipodal points to the same point. Here, two points on a sphere
Size functor
Given a size pair where is a manifold of dimension and is an arbitrary real continuous function definedon it, the -th size functor, with , denoted by , is the functor in , where is the category of ord
Size theory
In mathematics, size theory studies the properties of topological spaces endowed with -valued functions, with respect to the change of these functions. More formally, the subject of size theory is the
Peripheral subgroup
In algebraic topology, a peripheral subgroup for a space-subspace pair X ⊃ Y is a certain subgroup of the fundamental group of the complementary space, π1(X − Y). Its conjugacy class is an invariant o
Fundamental group
In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records inf
Size homotopy group
The concept of size homotopy group is analogous in size theory of the classical concept of homotopy group. In order to give its definition, let us assume that a size pair is given, where is a closed m
Fibration
The notion of a fibration generalizes the notion of a fiber bundle and plays an important role in algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics. Fibrations are used, for example, in postnikov-systems or
Intersection homology
In topology, a branch of mathematics, intersection homology is an analogue of singular homology especially well-suited for the study of singular spaces, discovered by Mark Goresky and Robert MacPherso
Transgression map
In algebraic topology, a transgression map is a way to transfer cohomology classes.It occurs, for example in the inflation-restriction exact sequence in group cohomology, and in integration in fibers.
Projective bundle
In mathematics, a projective bundle is a fiber bundle whose fibers are projective spaces. By definition, a scheme X over a Noetherian scheme S is a Pn-bundle if it is locally a projective n-space; i.e
Alexander duality
In mathematics, Alexander duality refers to a duality theory presaged by a result of 1915 by J. W. Alexander, and subsequently further developed, particularly by Pavel Alexandrov and Lev Pontryagin. I
List of algebraic topology topics
This is a list of algebraic topology topics, by Wikipedia page. See also:
* Glossary of algebraic topology
* topology glossary
* List of topology topics
* List of general topology topics
* List o
Higher-dimensional algebra
In mathematics, especially (higher) category theory, higher-dimensional algebra is the study of categorified structures. It has applications in nonabelian algebraic topology, and generalizes abstract
James reduced product
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the James reduced product or James construction J(X) of a topological space X with given basepoint e is the quotient of the disjoint union of all powers X, X2, X3
Simplicial complex
In mathematics, a simplicial complex is a set composed of points, line segments, triangles, and their n-dimensional counterparts (see illustration). Simplicial complexes should not be confused with th
Cyclic cover
In algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, a cyclic cover or cyclic covering is a covering space for which the set of covering transformations forms a cyclic group. As with cyclic groups, there may
Generalized map
In mathematics, a generalized map is a topological model which allows one to represent and to handle subdivided objects. This model was defined starting from combinatorial maps in order to represent n
Path space fibration
In algebraic topology, the path space fibration over a based space is a fibration of the form where
* is the path space of X; i.e., equipped with the compact-open topology.
* is the fiber of over th
Homotopy group with coefficients
In topology, a branch of mathematics, for , the i-th homotopy group with coefficients in an abelian group G of a based space X is the pointed set of homotopy classes of based maps from the Moore space
Essential manifold
In geometry, an essential manifold is a special type of closed manifold. The notion was first introduced explicitly by Mikhail Gromov.
Topological modular forms
In mathematics, topological modular forms (tmf) is the name of a spectrum that describes a generalized cohomology theory. In concrete terms, for any integer n there is a topological space , and these
Simple space
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, a simple space is a connected topological space that has a homotopy type of a CW complex and whose fundamental group is abelian and acts trivially on th
Shriek map
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, certain unusual functors are denoted and with the exclamation mark used to indicate that they are exceptional in some way. They are thus accordingly someti
Complex-oriented cohomology theory
In algebraic topology, a complex-orientable cohomology theory is a multiplicative cohomology theory E such that the restriction map is surjective. An element of that restricts to the canonical generat
Microbundle
In mathematics, a microbundle is a generalization of the concept of vector bundle, introduced by the American mathematician John Milnor in 1964. It allows the creation of bundle-like objects in situat
Secondary cohomology operation
In mathematics, a secondary cohomology operation is a functorial correspondence between cohomology groups. More precisely, it is a natural transformation from the kernel of some primary cohomology ope
Mathai–Quillen formalism
In mathematics, the Mathai–Quillen formalism is an approach to topological quantum field theory introduced by Atiyah and Jeffrey, based on the Mathai–Quillen form constructed in Mathai and Quillen. In
Ganea conjecture
Ganea's conjecture is a claim in algebraic topology, now disproved. It states that for all , where is the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category of a topological space X, and Sn is the n-dimensional sphere.
Redshift conjecture
In mathematics, more specifically in chromatic homotopy theory, the redshift conjecture states, roughly, that algebraic K-theory has chromatic level one higher than that of a complex-oriented ring spe
Betti number
In algebraic topology, the Betti numbers are used to distinguish topological spaces based on the connectivity of n-dimensional simplicial complexes. For the most reasonable finite-dimensional spaces (
Associated bundle
In mathematics, the theory of fiber bundles with a structure group (a topological group) allows an operation of creating an associated bundle, in which the typical fiber of a bundle changes from to ,
Rose (topology)
In mathematics, a rose (also known as a bouquet of n circles) is a topological space obtained by gluing together a collection of circles along a single point. The circles of the rose are called petals
Symmetric spectrum
In algebraic topology, a symmetric spectrum X is a spectrum of pointed simplicial sets that comes with an action of the symmetric group on such that the composition of structure maps is equivariant wi
Comodule over a Hopf algebroid
In mathematics, at the intersection of algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, there is the notion of a Hopf algebroid which encodes the information of a presheaf of groupoids whose object sheaf an
Euler calculus
Euler calculus is a methodology from applied algebraic topology and integral geometry that integrates constructible functions and more recently by integrating with respect to the Euler characteristic
A∞-operad
In the theory of operads in algebra and algebraic topology, an A∞-operad is a parameter space for a multiplication map that is homotopy coherently associative. (An operad that describes a multiplicati
Classifying space for O(n)
In mathematics, the classifying space for the orthogonal group O(n) may be constructed as the Grassmannian of n-planes in an infinite-dimensional real space . It is analogous to the classifying space
Topological Hochschild homology
In mathematics, Topological Hochschild homology is a topological refinement of Hochschild homology which rectifies some technical issues with computations in characteristic . For instance, if we consi
Formal group law
In mathematics, a formal group law is (roughly speaking) a formal power series behaving as if it were the product of a Lie group. They were introduced by S. Bochner. The term formal group sometimes me
Inverse bundle
In mathematics, the inverse bundle of a fibre bundle is its inverse with respect to the Whitney sum operation. Let be a fibre bundle. A bundle is called the inverse bundle of if their Whitney sum is a
Locally constant sheaf
In algebraic topology, a locally constant sheaf on a topological space X is a sheaf on X such that for each x in X, there is an open neighborhood U of x such that the restriction is a constant sheaf o
Glossary of algebraic topology
This is a glossary of properties and concepts in algebraic topology in mathematics. See also: glossary of topology, list of algebraic topology topics, glossary of category theory, glossary of differen
Virtual knot
In knot theory, a virtual knot is a generalization of knots in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, R3, to knots in thickened surfaces modulo an equivalence relation called stabilization/destabilization. He
Eilenberg–Maclane spectrum
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, there is a distinguished class of spectra called Eilenberg–Maclane spectra for any Abelian group pg 134. Note, this construction can be generalized to
Direct limit of groups
In mathematics, a direct limit of groups is the direct limit of a direct system of groups. These are central objects of study in algebraic topology, especially stable homotopy theory and homological a
Hopf construction
In algebraic topology, the Hopf construction constructs a map from the join X*Y of two spaces X and Y to the suspension SZ of a space Z out of a map from X×Y to Z. It was introduced by Hopf in the cas
Join (topology)
In topology, a field of mathematics, the join of two topological spaces and , often denoted by or , is a topological space formed by taking the disjoint union of the two spaces, and attaching line seg
Topological pair
In mathematics, more specifically algebraic topology, a pair is shorthand for an inclusion of topological spaces . Sometimes is assumed to be a cofibration. A morphism from to is given by two maps and
Collapse (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a collapse reduces a simplicial complex (or more generally, a CW complex) to a homotopy-equivalent subcomplex. Collapses, like CW complexes themselves, were inven
Section (fiber bundle)
In the mathematical field of topology, a section (or cross section) of a fiber bundle is a continuous right inverse of the projection function . In other words, if is a fiber bundle over a base space,
Semi-locally simply connected
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, semi-locally simply connected is a certain local connectedness condition that arises in the theory of covering spaces. Roughly speaking, a topological
Chain (algebraic topology)
In algebraic topology, a k-chainis a formal linear combination of the k-cells in a cell complex. In simplicial complexes (respectively, cubical complexes), k-chains are combinations of k-simplices (re
Sheaf (mathematics)
In mathematics, a sheaf is a tool for systematically tracking data (such as sets, abelian groups, rings) attached to the open sets of a topological space and defined locally with regard to them. For e
Cobordism
In mathematics, cobordism is a fundamental equivalence relation on the class of compact manifolds of the same dimension, set up using the concept of the boundary (French bord, giving cobordism) of a m
Directed algebraic topology
In mathematics, directed algebraic topology is a refinement of algebraic topology for directed spaces, topological spaces and their combinatorial counterparts equipped with some notion of direction. S
Simplex category
In mathematics, the simplex category (or simplicial category or nonempty finite ordinal category) is the category of non-empty finite ordinals and order-preserving maps. It is used to define simplicia
Commutative ring spectrum
In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, a commutative ring spectrum, roughly equivalent to a -ring spectrum, is a commutative monoid in a good category of spectra. The category of commutative
Eckmann–Hilton duality
In the mathematical disciplines of algebraic topology and homotopy theory, Eckmann–Hilton duality in its most basic form, consists of taking a given diagram for a particular concept and reversing the
Lehrbuch der Topologie
In mathematics, Lehrbuch der Topologie (German for "textbook of topology") is a book by Herbert Seifert and William Threlfall, first published in 1934 and published in an English translation in 1980.
Topological monoid
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a topological monoid is a monoid object in the category of topological spaces. In other words, it is a monoid with a topology with respect to which the monoid's b
Covering space
A covering of a topological space is a continuous map with special properties.
Esquisse d'un Programme
"Esquisse d'un Programme" (Sketch of a Programme) is a famous proposal for long-term mathematical research made by the German-born, French mathematician Alexander Grothendieck in 1984. He pursued the
Line bundle
In mathematics, a line bundle expresses the concept of a line that varies from point to point of a space. For example, a curve in the plane having a tangent line at each point determines a varying lin
Cartan model
In mathematics, the Cartan model is a differential graded algebra that computes the equivariant cohomology of a space.
Serre spectral sequence
In mathematics, the Serre spectral sequence (sometimes Leray–Serre spectral sequence to acknowledge earlier work of Jean Leray in the Leray spectral sequence) is an important tool in algebraic topolog
Cobordism ring
In mathematics, the oriented cobordism ring is a ring where elements are oriented cobordism classes of manifolds, the multiplication is given by the Cartesian product of manifolds and the addition is
Approximate fibration
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, an approximate fibration is a sort of fibration such that the homotopy lifting property holds only approximately. The notion was introduced by Coram and
Poincaré complex
In mathematics, and especially topology, a Poincaré complex (named after the mathematician Henri Poincaré) is an abstraction of the singular chain complex of a closed, orientable manifold. The singula
Simplicial set
In mathematics, a simplicial set is an object composed of simplices in a specific way. Simplicial sets are higher-dimensional generalizations of directed graphs, partially ordered sets and categories.
Invariance of domain
Invariance of domain is a theorem in topology about homeomorphic subsets of Euclidean space . It states: If is an open subset of and is an injective continuous map, then is open in and is a homeomorph
Semi-s-cobordism
In mathematics, a cobordism (W, M, M−) of an (n + 1)-dimensional manifold (with boundary) W between its boundary components, two n-manifolds M and M−, is called a semi-s-cobordism if (and only if) the
3-sphere
In mathematics, a 3-sphere is a higher-dimensional analogue of a sphere. It may be embedded in 4-dimensional Euclidean space as the set of points equidistant from a fixed central point. Analogous to h
Postnikov square
In algebraic topology, a Postnikov square is a certain cohomology operation from a first cohomology group H1 to a third cohomology group H3, introduced by Postnikov. described a generalization taking
R-algebroid
In mathematics, R-algebroids are constructed starting from groupoids. These are more abstract concepts than the Lie algebroids that play a similar role in the theory of Lie groupoids to that of Lie al
Sphere bundle
In the mathematical field of topology, a sphere bundle is a fiber bundle in which the fibers are spheres of some dimension n. Similarly, in a disk bundle, the fibers are disks . From a topological per
Using the Borsuk–Ulam Theorem
Using the Borsuk–Ulam Theorem: Lectures on Topological Methods in Combinatorics and Geometry is a graduate-level mathematics textbook in topological combinatorics. It describes the use of results in t
Dunce hat (topology)
In topology, the dunce hat is a compact topological space formed by taking a solid triangle and gluing all three sides together, with the orientation of one side reversed. Simply gluing two sides orie
S-object
In algebraic topology, an -object (also called a symmetric sequence) is a sequence of objects such that each comes with an action of the symmetric group . The category of combinatorial species is equi
Matsushima's formula
In mathematics, Matsushima's formula, introduced by Matsushima, is a formula for the Betti numbers of a quotient of a symmetric space G/H by a discrete group, in terms of unitary representations of th
Čech complex
In algebraic topology and topological data analysis, the Čech complex is an abstract simplicial complex constructed from a point cloud in any metric space which is meant to capture topological informa
Cocycle
In mathematics a cocycle is a closed cochain. Cocycles are used in algebraic topology to express obstructions (for example, to integrating a differential equation on a closed manifold). They are likew
Quasi-isomorphism
In homological algebra, a branch of mathematics, a quasi-isomorphism or quism is a morphism A → B of chain complexes (respectively, cochain complexes) such that the induced morphisms of homology group
Gysin homomorphism
In the field of mathematics known as algebraic topology, the Gysin sequence is a long exact sequence which relates the cohomology classes of the base space, the fiber and the total space of a sphere b
Barycentric subdivision
In mathematics, the barycentric subdivision is a standard way to subdivide a given simplex into smaller ones. Its extension on simplicial complexes is a canonical method to refine them. Therefore, the
Massey product
In algebraic topology, the Massey product is a cohomology operation of higher order introduced in, which generalizes the cup product. The Massey product was created by William S. Massey, an American a
Crossed module
In mathematics, and especially in homotopy theory, a crossed module consists of groups G and H, where G acts on H by automorphisms (which we will write on the left, , and a homomorphism of groups that
Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to h
Abstract simplicial complex
In combinatorics, an abstract simplicial complex (ASC), often called an abstract complex or just a complex, is a family of sets that is closed under taking subsets, i.e., every subset of a set in the
CW complex
A CW complex (also called cellular complex or cell complex) is a kind of a topological space that is particularly important in algebraic topology. It was introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the n
Acyclic space
In mathematics, an acyclic space is a nonempty topological space X in which cycles are always boundaries, in the sense of homology theory. This implies that integral homology groups in all dimensions
Moore space (algebraic topology)
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, Moore space is the name given to a particular type of topological space that is the homology analogue of the Eilenberg–Maclane spaces of homotopy theory
Pseudocircle
The pseudocircle is the finite topological space X consisting of four distinct points {a,b,c,d } with the following non-Hausdorff topology: . This topology corresponds to the partial order where open
Surgery structure set
In mathematics, the surgery structure set is the basic object in the study of manifolds which are homotopy equivalent to a closed manifold X. It is a concept which helps to answer the question whether
4-polytope
In geometry, a 4-polytope (sometimes also called a polychoron, polycell, or polyhedroid) is a four-dimensional polytope. It is a connected and closed figure, composed of lower-dimensional polytopal el
Highly structured ring spectrum
In mathematics, a highly structured ring spectrum or -ring is an object in homotopy theory encoding a refinement of a multiplicative structure on a cohomology theory. A commutative version of an -ring
Timeline of bordism
This is a timeline of bordism, a topological theory based on the concept of the boundary of a manifold. For context see timeline of manifolds. Jean Dieudonné wrote that cobordism returns to the attemp
Volodin space
In mathematics, more specifically in topology, the Volodin space of a ring R is a subspace of the classifying space given by where is the subgroup of upper triangular matrices with 1's on the diagonal
Lusternik–Schnirelmann category
In mathematics, the Lyusternik–Schnirelmann category (or, Lusternik–Schnirelmann category, LS-category) of a topological space is the homotopy invariant defined to be the smallest integer number such
Cone (topology)
In topology, especially algebraic topology, the cone of a topological space is intuitively obtained by stretching X into a cylinder and then collapsing one of its end faces to a point. The cone of X i
Euler characteristic
In mathematics, and more specifically in algebraic topology and polyhedral combinatorics, the Euler characteristic (or Euler number, or Euler–Poincaré characteristic) is a topological invariant, a num
Quasi-fibration
In algebraic topology, a quasifibration is a generalisation of fibre bundles and fibrations introduced by Albrecht Dold and René Thom. Roughly speaking, it is a continuous map p: E → B having the same
Derived algebraic geometry
Derived algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics that generalizes algebraic geometry to a situation where commutative rings, which provide local charts, are replaced by either differential graded
Ring spectrum
In stable homotopy theory, a ring spectrum is a spectrum E together with a multiplication map μ: E ∧ E → E and a unit map η: S → E, where S is the sphere spectrum. These maps have to satisfy associati
Configuration space (mathematics)
In mathematics, a configuration space is a construction closely related to state spaces or phase spaces in physics. In physics, these are used to describe the state of a whole system as a single point
Cubical complex
In mathematics, a cubical complex (also called cubical set and Cartesian complex) is a set composed of points, line segments, squares, cubes, and their n-dimensional counterparts. They are used analog
Abelian 2-group
In mathematics, an Abelian 2-group is a higher dimensional analogue of an Abelian group, in the sense of higher algebra, which were originally introduced by Alexander Grothendieck while studying abstr
Spin structure
In differential geometry, a spin structure on an orientable Riemannian manifold (M, g) allows one to define associated spinor bundles, giving rise to the notion of a spinor in differential geometry. S
Tesseract
In geometry, a tesseract is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube; the tesseract is to the cube as the cube is to the square. Just as the surface of the cube consists of six square faces, the hype
Cup product
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic topology, the cup product is a method of adjoining two cocycles of degree p and q to form a composite cocycle of degree p + q. This defines an associative (an
Nonabelian algebraic topology
In mathematics, nonabelian algebraic topology studies an aspect of algebraic topology that involves (inevitably noncommutative) higher-dimensional algebras. Many of the higher-dimensional algebraic st
Real projective space
In mathematics, real projective space, denoted or is the topological space of lines passing through the origin 0 in It is a compact, smooth manifold of dimension n, and is a special case of a Grassman
Symmetric product (topology)
In algebraic topology, the nth symmetric product of a topological space consists of the unordered n-tuples of its elements. If one fixes a basepoint, there is a canonical way of embedding the lower-di
Chern–Simons form
In mathematics, the Chern–Simons forms are certain secondary characteristic classes. The theory is named for Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons, co-authors of a 1974 paper entitled "Characteris
Mapping cone (topology)
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the mapping cone is a construction of topology, analogous to a quotient space. It is also called the homotopy cofiber, and also notated . Its dual, a fibrat
Timelike simply connected
Suppose a Lorentzian manifold contains a closed timelike curve (CTC). No CTC can be continuously deformed as a CTC (is timelike homotopic) to a point, as that point would not be causally well behaved.
Quasitoric manifold
In mathematics, a quasitoric manifold is a topological analogue of the nonsingular projective toric variety of algebraic geometry. A smooth -dimensional manifold is a quasitoric manifold if it admits
Good cover (algebraic topology)
In mathematics, an open cover of a topological space is a family of open subsets such that is the union of all of the open sets. A good cover is an open cover in which all sets and all non-empty inter
Metaplectic structure
In differential geometry, a metaplectic structure is the symplectic analog of spin structure on orientable Riemannian manifolds. A metaplectic structure on a symplectic manifold allows one to define t
Fundamental class
In mathematics, the fundamental class is a homology class [M] associated to a connected orientable compact manifold of dimension n, which corresponds to the generator of the homology group . The funda
Discrete calculus
Discrete calculus or the calculus of discrete functions, is the mathematical study of incremental change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalization
Categorification
In mathematics, categorification is the process of replacing set-theoretic theorems with category-theoretic analogues. Categorification, when done successfully, replaces sets with categories, function
Local system
In mathematics, a local system (or a system of local coefficients) on a topological space X is a tool from algebraic topology which interpolates between cohomology with coefficients in a fixed abelian
Triangulation (topology)
In mathematics, triangulation describes the replacement of topological spaces by piecewise linear spaces, i.e. the choice of a homeomorphism in a suitable simplicial complex. Spaces being homeomorphic
Novikov–Shubin invariant
In mathematics, a Novikov–Shubin invariant, introduced by Sergei Novikov and Mikhail Shubin, is an invariant of a compact Riemannian manifold related to the spectrum of the Laplace operator acting on
Cap product
In algebraic topology the cap product is a method of adjoining a chain of degree p with a cochain of degree q, such that q ≤ p, to form a composite chain of degree p − q. It was introduced by Eduard Č
Fundamental groupoid
In algebraic topology, the fundamental groupoid is a certain topological invariant of a topological space. It can be viewed as an extension of the more widely-known fundamental group; as such, it capt
Degree of a continuous mapping
In topology, the degree of a continuous mapping between two compact oriented manifolds of the same dimension is a number that represents the number of times that the domain manifold wraps around the r
Combinatorial map
A combinatorial map is a combinatorial representation of a graph on an orientable surface. A combinatorial map may also be called a combinatorial embedding, a rotation system, an orientable ribbon gra
Pontryagin cohomology operation
In mathematics, a Pontryagin cohomology operation is a cohomology operation taking cohomology classes in H2n(X,Z/prZ) to H2pn(X,Z/pr+1Z) for some prime number p. When p=2 these operations were introdu
Simply connected space
In topology, a topological space is called simply connected (or 1-connected, or 1-simply connected) if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed (intuitive
Steenrod algebra
In algebraic topology, a Steenrod algebra was defined by Henri Cartan to be the algebra of stable cohomology operations for mod cohomology. For a given prime number , the Steenrod algebra is the grade
Homeotopy
In algebraic topology, an area of mathematics, a homeotopy group of a topological space is a homotopy group of the group of self-homeomorphisms of that space.
Whitehead link
In knot theory, the Whitehead link, named for J. H. C. Whitehead, is one of the most basic links. It can be drawn as an alternating link with five crossings, from the overlay of a circle and a figure-
Aspherical space
In topology, a branch of mathematics, an aspherical space is a topological space with all homotopy groups equal to 0 when . If one works with CW complexes, one can reformulate this condition: an asphe
Size function
Size functions are shape descriptors, in a geometrical/topological sense. They are functions from the half-plane to the natural numbers, counting certain connected components of a topological space. T
Connective spectrum
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, a connective spectrum is a spectrum whose homotopy sets of negative degrees are zero.
Adams resolution
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, there is a resolution analogous to free resolutions of spectra yielding a tool for constructing the Adams spectral sequence. Essentially, the idea is t
Fiber-homotopy equivalence
In algebraic topology, a fiber-homotopy equivalence is a map over a space B that has homotopy inverse over B (that is we require a homotopy be a map over B for each time t.) It is a relative analog of
H-space
In mathematics, an H-space is a homotopy-theoretic version of a generalization of the notion of topological group, in which the axioms on associativity and inverses are removed.
Spinor bundle
In differential geometry, given a spin structure on an -dimensional orientable Riemannian manifold one defines the spinor bundle to be the complex vector bundle associated to the corresponding princip
Algebraic topology (object)
In mathematics, the algebraic topology on the set of group representations from G to a topological group H is the topology of pointwise convergence, i.e. pi converges to p if the limit of pi(g) = p(g)
Timelike homotopy
On a Lorentzian manifold, certain curves are distinguished as timelike. A timelike homotopy between two timelike curves is a homotopy such that each intermediate curve is timelike. No closed timelike
Orientation sheaf
In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the orientation sheaf on a manifold X of dimension n is a locally constant sheaf oX on X such that the stalk of oX at a point x is (in the integer coef
Homological stability
In mathematics, homological stability is any of a number of theorems asserting that the group homology of a series of groups is stable, i.e., is independent of n when n is large enough (depending on i
Lazard's universal ring
In mathematics, Lazard's universal ring is a ring introduced by Michel Lazard in over which the universal commutative one-dimensional formal group law is defined. There is a universal commutative one-
P-compact group
In mathematics, in particular algebraic topology, a p-compact group is a homotopical version of a compact Lie group, but with all the local structure concentrated at a single prime p. This concept was
Poincaré space
In algebraic topology, a Poincaré space is an n-dimensional topological space with a distinguished element µ of its nth homology group such that taking the cap product with an element of the kth cohom
Symplectic spinor bundle
In differential geometry, given a metaplectic structure on a -dimensional symplectic manifold the symplectic spinor bundle is the Hilbert space bundle associated to the metaplectic structure via the m
String topology
String topology, a branch of mathematics, is the study of algebraic structures on the homology of free loop spaces. The field was started by Moira Chas and Dennis Sullivan.
Simply connected at infinity
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a topological space X is said to be simply connected at infinity if for any compact subset C of X, there is a compact set D in X containing C so that the induced
Homotopical algebra
In mathematics, homotopical algebra is a collection of concepts comprising the nonabelian aspects of homological algebra as well as possibly the abelian aspects as special cases. The homotopical nomen
Bockstein homomorphism
In homological algebra, the Bockstein homomorphism, introduced by Meyer Bockstein , is a connecting homomorphism associated with a short exact sequence of abelian groups, when they are introduced as c
Doomsday conjecture
In algebraic topology, the doomsday conjecture was a conjecture about Ext groups over the Steenrod algebra made by Joel Cohen, named by Michael Barratt, published by , conjecture 73) and disproved by
Sphere spectrum
In stable homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics, the sphere spectrum S is the monoidal unit in the category of spectra. It is the suspension spectrum of S0, i.e., a set of two points. Explicitly, t
Vietoris–Rips complex
In topology, the Vietoris–Rips complex, also called the Vietoris complex or Rips complex, is a way of forming a topological space from distances in a set of points. It is an abstract simplicial comple
Hopf fibration
In the mathematical field of differential topology, the Hopf fibration (also known as the Hopf bundle or Hopf map) describes a 3-sphere (a hypersphere in four-dimensional space) in terms of circles an
Classifying space
In mathematics, specifically in homotopy theory, a classifying space BG of a topological group G is the quotient of a weakly contractible space EG (i.e. a topological space all of whose homotopy group
Mapping cylinder
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the mapping cylinder of a continuous function between topological spaces and is the quotient where the denotes the disjoint union, and ∼ is the equival
Bloch group
In mathematics, the Bloch group is a cohomology group of the Bloch–Suslin complex, named after Spencer Bloch and Andrei Suslin. It is closely related to polylogarithm, hyperbolic geometry and algebrai
Path space (algebraic topology)
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, the path space of a based space is the space that consists of all maps from the interval to X such that , called paths. In other words, it is the mappin
Calculus of functors
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, the calculus of functors or Goodwillie calculus is a technique for studying functors by approximating them by a sequence of simpler functors; it general
Genus (mathematics)
In mathematics, genus (plural genera) has a few different, but closely related, meanings. Intuitively, the genus is the number of "holes" of a surface. A sphere has genus 0, while a torus has genus 1.
Twisted Poincaré duality
In mathematics, the twisted Poincaré duality is a theorem removing the restriction on Poincaré duality to oriented manifolds. The existence of a global orientation is replaced by carrying along local
Morava K-theory
In stable homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics, Morava K-theory is one of a collection of cohomology theories introduced in algebraic topology by Jack Morava in unpublished preprints in the early
Abstract polytope
In mathematics, an abstract polytope is an algebraic partially ordered set which captures the dyadic property of a traditional polytope without specifying purely geometric properties such as points an
Equivariant cohomology
In mathematics, equivariant cohomology (or Borel cohomology) is a cohomology theory from algebraic topology which applies to topological spaces with a group action. It can be viewed as a common genera
Homotopy extension property
In mathematics, in the area of algebraic topology, the homotopy extension property indicates which homotopies defined on a subspace can be extended to a homotopy defined on a larger space. The homotop
Mapping spectrum
In algebraic topology, the mapping spectrum of spectra X, Y is characterized by
Change of fiber
In algebraic topology, given a fibration p:E→B, the change of fiber is a map between the fibers induced by paths in B. Since a covering is a fibration, the construction generalizes the corresponding f
Whitehead conjecture
The Whitehead conjecture (also known as the Whitehead asphericity conjecture) is a claim in algebraic topology. It was formulated by J. H. C. Whitehead in 1941. It states that every connected subcompl
Presentation complex
In geometric group theory, a presentation complex is a 2-dimensional cell complex associated to any presentation of a group G. The complex has a single vertex, and one loop at the vertex for each gene
Homology manifold
In mathematics, a homology manifold (or generalized manifold)is a locally compact topological space X that looks locally like a topological manifold from the point of view of homology theory.
Homotopy fiber
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the homotopy fiber (sometimes called the mapping fiber) is part of a construction that associates a fibration to an arbitrary continuous function of topolog
E∞-operad
In the theory of operads in algebra and algebraic topology, an E∞-operad is a parameter space for a multiplication map that is associative and commutative "up to all higher homotopies". (An operad tha
Gray's conjecture
In mathematics, Gray's conjecture is a conjecture made by Brayton Gray in 1984 about maps between loop spaces of spheres. It was later proved by John Harper.
Homotopy lifting property
In mathematics, in particular in homotopy theory within algebraic topology, the homotopy lifting property (also known as an instance of the right lifting property or the covering homotopy axiom) is a
Riemann–Hurwitz formula
In mathematics, the Riemann–Hurwitz formula, named after Bernhard Riemann and Adolf Hurwitz, describes the relationship of the Euler characteristics of two surfaces when one is a ramified covering of
Clique complex
Clique complexes, independence complexes, flag complexes, Whitney complexes and conformal hypergraphs are closely related mathematical objects in graph theory and geometric topology that each describe
Tautness (topology)
In mathematics, particularly in algebraic topology, taut pair is a topological pair whose direct limit of cohomology module of open neighborhood of that pair which is directed downward by inclusion is
Topological combinatorics
The mathematical discipline of topological combinatorics is the application of topological and algebro-topological methods to solving problems in combinatorics.
Vanishing cycle
In mathematics, vanishing cycles are studied in singularity theory and other parts of algebraic geometry. They are those homology cycles of a smooth fiber in a family which vanish in the . For example
Winding number
In mathematics, the winding number or winding index of a closed curve in the plane around a given point is an integer representing the total number of times that curve travels counterclockwise around
Solenoid (mathematics)
In mathematics, a solenoid is a compact connected topological space (i.e. a continuum) that may be obtained as the inverse limit of an inverse system of topological groups and continuous homomorphisms
Godement resolution
The Godement resolution of a sheaf is a construction in homological algebra that allows one to view global, cohomological information about the sheaf in terms of local information coming from its stal
Stabilization hypothesis
In mathematics, specifically in category theory and algebraic topology, the Baez–Dolan stabilization hypothesis, proposed in, states that suspension of a weak n-category has no more essential effect a
L-theory
In mathematics, algebraic L-theory is the K-theory of quadratic forms; the term was coined by C. T. C. Wall, with L being used as the letter after K. Algebraic L-theory, also known as "Hermitian K-the
Cohomology operation
In mathematics, the cohomology operation concept became central to algebraic topology, particularly homotopy theory, from the 1950s onwards, in the shape of the simple definition that if F is a functo
Topological degree theory
In mathematics, topological degree theory is a generalization of the winding number of a curve in the complex plane. It can be used to estimate the number of solutions of an equation, and is closely c
Dual Steenrod algebra
In algebraic topology, through an algebraic operation (dualization), there is an associated commutative algebra from the noncommutative Steenrod algebras called the dual Steenrod algebra. This dual al
Algebraic cobordism
In mathematics, algebraic cobordism is an analogue of complex cobordism for smooth quasi-projective schemes over a field. It was introduced by Marc Levine and Fabien Morel . An oriented cohomology the