Spacetime diagram
A spacetime diagram is a graphical illustration of the properties of space and time in the special theory of relativity. Spacetime diagrams allow a qualitative understanding of the corresponding pheno
Geometric logic
In mathematical logic, geometric logic is an infinitary generalisation of coherent logic, a restriction of first-order logic due to Skolem that is proof-theoretically tractable. Geometric logic is cap
Minkowski plane
In mathematics, a Minkowski plane (named after Hermann Minkowski) is one of the Benz planes (the others being Möbius plane and Laguerre plane).
Behrend function
In algebraic geometry, the Behrend function of a scheme X, introduced by Kai Behrend, is a such that if X is a quasi-projective proper moduli scheme carrying a symmetric obstruction theory, then the w
Geometry and topology
In mathematics, geometry and topology is an umbrella term for the historically distinct disciplines of geometry and topology, as general frameworks allow both disciplines to be manipulated uniformly,
Corner-point grid
In geometry, a corner-point grid is a tessellation of a Euclidean 3D volume where the base cell has 6 faces (hexahedron). A set of straight lines defined by their end points define the pillars of the
Bayesian model of computational anatomy
Computational anatomy (CA) is a discipline within medical imaging focusing on the study of anatomical shape and form at the visible or gross anatomical scale of morphology. The field is broadly define
Mixtilinear incircles of a triangle
In geometry, a mixtilinear incircle of a triangle is a circle tangent to two of its sides and internally tangent to its circumcircle. The mixtilinear incircle of a triangle tangent to the two sides co
Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry
The Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry is an award granted by the American Mathematical Society for notable research in geometry or topology. It was founded in 1961 in memory of Oswald Veblen. The Veblen
Group actions in computational anatomy
Group actions are central to Riemannian geometry and defining orbits (control theory). The orbits of computational anatomy consist of anatomical shapes and medical images; the anatomical shapes are su
Geometric rigidity
In discrete geometry, geometric rigidity is a theory for determining if a (GCS) has finitely many -dimensional solutions, or , in some metric space. A framework of a GCS is rigid in -dimensions, for a
Ambient space
An ambient space or ambient configuration space is the space surrounding an object. While the ambient space and hodological space are both considered ways of perceiving penetrable space, the former pe
Inverse Pythagorean theorem
In geometry, the inverse Pythagorean theorem (also known as the reciprocal Pythagorean theorem or the upside down Pythagorean theorem) is as follows: Let A, B be the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a r
Quasisymmetric map
In mathematics, a quasisymmetric homeomorphism between metric spaces is a map that generalizes bi-Lipschitz maps. While bi-Lipschitz maps shrink or expand the diameter of a set by no more than a multi
Twisted sheaf
In mathematics, a twisted sheaf is a variant of a coherent sheaf. Precisely, it is specified by: an open covering in the étale topology Ui, coherent sheaves Fi over Ui, a Čech 2-cocycle θ on the cover
Trilateration
Trilateration is the use of distances (or "ranges") for determining the unknown position coordinates of a point of interest, often around Earth (geopositioning).When more than three distances are invo
Second moment of area
The second moment of area, or second area moment, or quadratic moment of area and also known as the area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distr
Computational anatomy
Computational anatomy is an interdisciplinary field of biology focused on quantitative investigation and modelling of anatomical shapes variability. It involves the development and application of math
Lipschitz domain
In mathematics, a Lipschitz domain (or domain with Lipschitz boundary) is a domain in Euclidean space whose boundary is "sufficiently regular" in the sense that it can be thought of as locally being t
Superspace
Superspace is the coordinate space of a theory exhibiting supersymmetry. In such a formulation, along with ordinary space dimensions x, y, z, ..., there are also "anticommuting" dimensions whose coord
Lill's method
In mathematics, Lill's method is a visual method of finding the real roots of a univariate polynomial of any degree. It was developed by Austrian engineer Eduard Lill in 1867. A later paper by Lill de
Coaxial
In geometry, coaxial means that several three-dimensional linear or planar forms share a common axis. The two-dimensional analog is concentric. Common examples: A coaxial cable is a three-dimensional
Wittgenstein's rod
Wittgenstein's rod is a problem in geometry discussed by 20th-century philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Visibility (geometry)
In geometry, visibility is a mathematical abstraction of the real-life notion of visibility. Given a set of obstacles in the Euclidean space, two points in the space are said to be visible to each oth
Benz plane
In mathematics, a Benz plane is a type of 2-dimensional geometrical structure, named after the German mathematician Walter Benz. The term was applied to a group of objects that arise from a common axi
Local coordinates
Local coordinates are the ones used in a local coordinate system or a local coordinate space. Simple examples:
* Houses. In order to work in a house construction, the measurements are referred to a c
Coin rotation paradox
The coin rotation paradox is the counter-intuitive observation that, when one coin is rolled around the rim of another coin of equal size, the moving coin completes two full rotations after going all
Pregeometry (model theory)
Pregeometry, and in full combinatorial pregeometry, are essentially synonyms for "matroid". They were introduced by Gian-Carlo Rota with the intention of providing a less "ineffably cacophonous" alter
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) is a specific suite of algorithms used for diffeomorphic mapping and manipulating dense imagery based on diffeomorphic metric mapping within the
Rabatment of the rectangle
Rabatment of the rectangle is a compositional technique used as an aid for the placement of objects or the division of space within a rectangular frame, or as an aid for the study of art. Every rectan
Similarity system of triangles
A similarity system of triangles is a specific configuration involving a set of triangles. A set of triangles is considered a configuration when all of the triangles share a minimum of one incidence r
Linear separability
In Euclidean geometry, linear separability is a property of two sets of points. This is most easily visualized in two dimensions (the Euclidean plane) by thinking of one set of points as being colored
Space
Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, al
Schema for horizontal dials
A schema for horizontal dials is a set of instructions used to construct horizontal sundials using compass and straightedge construction techniques, which were widely used in Europe from the late fift
Cramer–Castillon problem
In geometry, the Cramer–Castillon problem is a problem stated by the Swiss mathematician Gabriel Cramer solved by the Italian mathematician, resident in Berlin, Jean de Castillon in 1776. The problem
Complex line
In mathematics, a complex line is a one-dimensional affine subspace of a vector space over the complex numbers. A common point of confusion is that while a complex line has dimension one over C (hence
Newton–Gauss line
In geometry, the Newton–Gauss line (or Gauss–Newton line) is the line joining the midpoints of the three diagonals of a complete quadrilateral. The midpoints of the two diagonals of a convex quadrilat
Miller index
Miller indices form a notation system in crystallography for lattice planes in crystal (Bravais) lattices. In particular, a family of lattice planes of a given (direct) Bravais lattice is determined b
Supporting line
In geometry, a supporting line L of a curve C in the plane is a line that contains a point of C, but does not separate any two points of C. In other words, C lies completely in one of the two closed h
Bridgeland stability condition
In mathematics, and especially algebraic geometry, a Bridgeland stability condition, defined by Tom Bridgeland, is an algebro-geometric stability condition defined on elements of a triangulated catego
Genus g surface
In mathematics, a genus g surface (also known as a g-torus or g-holed torus) is a surface formed by the connected sum of g many tori: the interior of a disk is removed from each of g many tori and the
Partial linear space
A partial linear space (also semilinear or near-linear space) is a basic incidence structure in the field of incidence geometry, that carries slightly less structure than a linear space.The notion is
Symmetry
Symmetry (from Ancient Greek: συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance. In
Subpaving
In mathematics, a subpaving is a set of nonoverlapping boxes of R⁺. A subset X of Rⁿ can be approximated by two subpavings X⁻ and X⁺ such that X⁻ ⊂ X ⊂ X⁺. In R¹ the boxes are line segments, in R² rec
Corresponding sides and corresponding angles
In geometry, the tests for congruence and similarity involve comparing corresponding sides and corresponding angles of polygons. In these tests, each side and each angle in one polygon is paired with
Exsphere (polyhedra)
In geometry, the exsphere of a face of a regular polyhedron is the sphere outside the polyhedron which touches the face and the planes defined by extending the adjacent faces outwards. It is tangent t
Strähle construction
Strähle's construction is a geometric method for determining the lengths for a series of vibrating strings with uniform diameters and tensions to sound pitches in a specific rational tempered musical
Affine plane
In geometry, an affine plane is a two-dimensional affine space.
Transversality (mathematics)
In mathematics, transversality is a notion that describes how spaces can intersect; transversality can be seen as the "opposite" of tangency, and plays a role in general position. It formalizes the id
Flatness (mathematics)
In mathematics, the flatness (symbol: ⏥) of a surface is the degree to which it approximates a mathematical plane. The term is often generalized for higher-dimensional manifolds to describe the degree
Datum reference
A datum reference or just datum (plural: datums) is some important part of an object—such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes, or pair of surfaces—that serves as a reference in defining the ge
Axis-aligned object
In geometry, an axis-aligned object (axis-parallel, axis-oriented) is an object in n-dimensional space whose shape is aligned with the coordinate axes of the space. Examples are axis-aligned rectangle
Fat object (geometry)
In geometry, a fat object is an object in two or more dimensions, whose lengths in the different dimensions are similar. For example, a square is fat because its length and width are identical. A 2-by
Deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills equation
In mathematics and theoretical physics, and especially gauge theory, the deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills (dHYM) equation is a differential equation describing the equations of motion for a D-brane in th
Outline of geometry
Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. Geometry is one of the oldest mathematical sciences.
Link (simplicial complex)
The link in a simplicial complex is a generalization of the neighborhood of a vertex in a graph. The link of a vertex encodes information about the local structure of the complex at the vertex.
Manipulability ellipsoid
In robotics, the manipulability ellipsoid is the geometric interpretation of the scaled eigenvectors resulting from the singular value decomposition of the jacobian that describes a robot's motion.
*
Line of sight
The line of sight, also known as visual axis or sightline (also sight line), is an imaginary line between a viewer/observer/spectator's eye(s) and a subject of interest, or their relative direction. T
Complex reflection group
In mathematics, a complex reflection group is a finite group acting on a finite-dimensional complex vector space that is generated by complex reflections: non-trivial elements that fix a complex hyper
Lattice plane
In crystallography, a lattice plane of a given Bravais lattice is any plane containing at least three noncollinear Bravais lattice points. Equivalently, a lattice plane is a plane whose intersections
Affine plane (incidence geometry)
In geometry, an affine plane is a system of points and lines that satisfy the following axioms:
* Any two distinct points lie on a unique line.
* Given any line and any point not on that line there
Real tree
In mathematics, real trees (also called -trees) are a class of metric spaces generalising simplicial trees. They arise naturally in many mathematical contexts, in particular geometric group theory and
Catenoid
In geometry, a catenoid is a type of surface, arising by rotating a catenary curve about an axis (a surface of revolution). It is a minimal surface, meaning that it occupies the least area when bounde
Geometry
Geometry (from Ancient Greek γεωμετρία (geōmetría) 'land measurement'; from γῆ (gê) 'earth, land', and μέτρον (métron) 'a measure') is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It i
Shape moiré
Shape moiré is one type of moiré patterns demonstrating the phenomenon of moiré magnification. 1D shape moiré is the particular simplified case of 2D shape moiré. One-dimensional patterns may appear w
Infinitely near point
In algebraic geometry, an infinitely near point of an algebraic surface S is a point on a surface obtained from S by repeatedly blowing up points. Infinitely near points of algebraic surfaces were int
Moiré pattern
In mathematics, physics, and art, moiré patterns (UK: /ˈmwɑːreɪ/ MWAR-ay, US: /mwɑːˈreɪ/ mwar-AY, French: [mwaʁe]) or moiré fringes are large-scale interference patterns that can be produced when an o
Analyst's traveling salesman theorem
The analyst's traveling salesman problem is an analog of the traveling salesman problem in combinatorial optimization. In its simplest and original form, it asks which plane sets are subsets of rectif
Point-normal triangle
The curved point-normal triangle, in short PN triangle, is an interpolation algorithm to retrieve a cubic Bézier triangle from the vertex coordinates of a regular flat triangle and normal vectors. The
Great ellipse
A great ellipse is an ellipse passing through two points on a spheroid and having the same center as that of the spheroid. Equivalently, it is an ellipse on the surface of a spheroid and centered on t
Hart circle
The Hart circle is externally tangent to and internally tangent to incircles of the associated triangles ,,, or the other way around. The Hart circle was discovered by Andrew Searle Hart. There are ei
Auxiliary line
An auxiliary line (or helping line) is an extra line needed to complete a proof in plane geometry. Other common auxiliary constructs in elementary plane synthetic geometry are the helping circles. As
Regulus (geometry)
In three-dimensional space, a regulus R is a set of skew lines, every point of which is on a transversal which intersects an element of R only once, and such that every point on a transversal lies on
Geometric transformation
In mathematics, a geometric transformation is any bijection of a set to itself (or to another such set) with some salient geometrical underpinning. More specifically, it is a function whose domain and
Huzita–Hatori axioms
The Huzita–Justin axioms or Huzita–Hatori axioms are a set of rules related to the mathematical principles of origami, describing the operations that can be made when folding a piece of paper. The axi
Surface (mathematics)
In mathematics, a surface is a mathematical model of the common concept of a surface. It is a generalization of a plane, but, unlike a plane, it may be curved; this is analogous to a curve generalizin
Valuation (geometry)
In geometry, a valuation is a finitely additive function on a collection of admissible subsets of a fixed set with values in an abelian semigroup. For example, the Lebesgue measure is a valuation on f
Chord (geometry)
A chord of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. The infinite line extension of a chord is a secant line, or just secant. More generally, a chord is a line se
Mathematical visualization
Mathematical phenomena can be understood and explored via visualization. Classically this consisted of two-dimensional drawings or building three-dimensional models (particularly plaster models in the
Badouel intersection algorithm
The Badouel ray-triangle intersection algorithm, named after inventor , is a fast method for calculating the intersection of a ray and a triangle in three dimensions without needing precomputation of
Hatch mark
Hatch marks (also called hash marks or tick marks) are a form of mathematical notation. They are used in three ways as:
* Unit and value marks — as on a ruler or number line
* Congruence notation in
Amplituhedron
In mathematics and theoretical physics (especially twistor string theory), an amplituhedron is a geometric structure introduced in 2013 by Nima Arkani-Hamed and Jaroslav Trnka. It enables simplified c
Buffer analysis
In geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis, buffer analysis is the determination of a zone around a geographic feature containing locations that are within a specified distance of th
Visual calculus
Visual calculus, invented by Mamikon Mnatsakanian (known as Mamikon), is an approach to solving a variety of integral calculus problems. Many problems that would otherwise seem quite difficult yield t
Geometry template
A geometry template is a piece of clear plastic with cut-out shapes for use in mathematics and other subjects in primary school through secondary school. It also has various measurements on its sides
Minkowski content
The Minkowski content (named after Hermann Minkowski), or the boundary measure, of a set is a basic concept that uses concepts from geometry and measure theory to generalize the notions of length of a
Snub (geometry)
In geometry, a snub is an operation applied to a polyhedron. The term originates from Kepler's names of two Archimedean solids, for the snub cube (cubus simus) and snub dodecahedron (dodecaedron simum
Projective geometry
In mathematics, projective geometry is the study of geometric properties that are invariant with respect to projective transformations. This means that, compared to elementary Euclidean geometry, proj
Geometric set cover problem
The geometric set cover problem is the special case of the set cover problem in geometric settings. The input is a range space where is a universe of points in and is a family of subsets of called ran
Dual bundle
In mathematics, the dual bundle is an operation on vector bundles extending the operation of duality for vector spaces.
Cat's cradle
Cat's cradle is a game involving the creation of various string figures between the fingers, either individually or by passing a loop of string back and forth between two or more players. The true ori
Approximate tangent space
In geometric measure theory an approximate tangent space is a measure theoretic generalization of the concept of a tangent space for a differentiable manifold.
Lacunarity
Lacunarity, from the Latin lacuna, meaning "gap" or "lake", is a specialized term in geometry referring to a measure of how patterns, especially fractals, fill space, where patterns having more or lar
Bragg plane
In physics, a Bragg plane is a plane in reciprocal space which bisects a reciprocal lattice vector, , at right angles. The Bragg plane is defined as part of the Von Laue condition for diffraction peak
Geometrothermodynamics
In physics, geometrothermodynamics (GTD) is a formalism developed in 2007 by Hernando Quevedo to describe the properties of thermodynamic systems in terms of concepts of differential geometry. Conside
Vertical and horizontal
In astronomy, geography, and related sciences and contexts, a direction or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.Conversely, a
Coplanarity
In geometry, a set of points in space are coplanar if there exists a geometric plane that contains them all. For example, three points are always coplanar, and if the points are distinct and non-colli
Geometric separator
A geometric separator is a line (or another shape) that partitions a collection of geometric shapes into two subsets, such that proportion of shapes in each subset is bounded, and the number of shapes
Perspective geological correlation
Geological perspective correlation is a theory in geology describing geometrical regularities in the layering of sediments. Seventy percent of the Earth's surface are occupied by sedimentary basins –
Laguerre transformations
The Laguerre transformations or axial homographies are an analogue of Möbius transformations over the dual numbers. When studying these transformations, the dual numbers are often interpreted as repre
Base change theorems
In mathematics, the base change theorems relate the direct image and the inverse image of sheaves. More precisely, they are about the base change map, given by the following natural transformation of
Haruki's Theorem
Haruki's Theorem says that given three intersecting circles that only intersect each other at two points that the lines connecting the inner intersecting points to the outer satisfy: where are the mea
Secant plane
A secant plane is a plane containing a nontrivial section of a sphere or an ellipsoid, or such a plane that a sphere is projected onto. Secant planes are similar to tangent planes, which contact the s
Busemann function
In geometric topology, Busemann functions are used to study the large-scale geometry of geodesics in Hadamard spaces and in particular Hadamard manifolds (simply connected complete Riemannian manifold
Spectral dimension
The spectral dimension is a real-valued quantity that characterizes a spacetime geometry and topology. It characterizes a spread into space over time, e.g. a ink drop diffusing in a water glass or the
Minkowski space
In mathematical physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) (/mɪŋˈkɔːfski, -ˈkɒf-/) is a combination of three-dimensional Euclidean space and time into a four-dimensional manifold where the spac
Laguerre plane
In mathematics, a Laguerre plane is one of the three types of Benz plane, which are the Möbius plane, Laguerre plane and Minkowski plane. Laguerre planes are named after the French mathematician Edmon
Sum of angles of a triangle
In a Euclidean space, the sum of angles of a triangle equals the straight angle (180 degrees, π radians, two right angles, or a half-turn).A triangle has three angles, one at each vertex, bounded by a
Pregeometry (physics)
In physics, a pregeometry is a structure from which the geometry of the universe develops. Some cosmological models feature a pregeometric universe before the Big Bang. The term was championed by John
Minimum bounding box
In geometry, the minimum or smallest bounding or enclosing box for a point set S in N dimensions is the box with the smallest measure (area, volume, or hypervolume in higher dimensions) within which a
Tarski's plank problem
In mathematics, Tarski's plank problem is a question about coverings of convex regions in n-dimensional Euclidean space by "planks": regions between two hyperplanes. Tarski asked if the sum of the wid
Symmetry group
In group theory, the symmetry group of a geometric object is the group of all transformations under which the object is invariant, endowed with the group operation of composition. Such a transformatio
Geometry of binary search trees
In computer science, one approach to the dynamic optimality problem on online algorithms for binary search trees involves reformulating the problem geometrically, in terms of augmenting a set of point
Gram–Euler theorem
In geometry, the Gram–Euler theorem, Gram-Sommerville, Brianchon-Gram or Gram relation (named after Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Leonhard Euler, Duncan Sommerville and Charles Julien Brianchon) is a generali
Line moiré
Line moiré is one type of moiré pattern; a pattern that appears when superposing two transparent layers containing correlated opaque patterns. Line moiré is the case when the superposed patterns compr
Finite subdivision rule
In mathematics, a finite subdivision rule is a recursive way of dividing a polygon or other two-dimensional shape into smaller and smaller pieces. Subdivision rules in a sense are generalizations of r
Geometry processing
Geometry processing, or mesh processing, is an area of research that uses concepts from applied mathematics, computer science and engineering to design efficient algorithms for the acquisition, recons
Mean line segment length
In geometry, the mean line segment length is the average length of a line segment connecting two points chosen uniformly at random in a given shape. In other words, it is the expected Euclidean distan
Quadratic set
In mathematics, a quadratic set is a set of points in a projective space that bears the same essential incidence properties as a quadric (conic section in a projective plane, sphere or cone or hyperbo
Minkowski–Steiner formula
In mathematics, the Minkowski–Steiner formula is a formula relating the surface area and volume of compact subsets of Euclidean space. More precisely, it defines the surface area as the "derivative" o
Sheaf of planes
In mathematics, a sheaf of planes is the set of all planes that have the same common line. It may also be known as a fan of planes or a pencil of planes. When extending the concept of line to the line
Almgren–Pitts min-max theory
In mathematics, the Almgren–Pitts min-max theory (named after Frederick J. Almgren, Jr. and his student Jon T. Pitts) is an analogue of Morse theory for hypersurfaces. The theory started with the effo
Cavalieri's principle
In geometry, Cavalieri's principle, a modern implementation of the method of indivisibles, named after Bonaventura Cavalieri, is as follows:
* 2-dimensional case: Suppose two regions in a plane are i
Categorical trace
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the categorical trace is a generalization of the trace of a matrix.
Abelian Lie group
In geometry, an abelian Lie group is a Lie group that is an abelian group. A connected abelian real Lie group is isomorphic to . In particular, a connected abelian (real) compact Lie group is a torus;
600-cell
In geometry, the 600-cell is the convex regular 4-polytope (four-dimensional analogue of a Platonic solid) with Schläfli symbol {3,3,5}. It is also known as the C600, hexacosichoron and hexacosihedroi
Coxeter decompositions of hyperbolic polygons
A Coxeter decomposition of a polygon is a decomposition into a finite number of polygons in which any two sharing a side are reflections of each other along that side. Hyperbolic polygons are the anal
Acylindrically hyperbolic group
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, an acylindrically hyperbolic group is a group admitting a non-elementary 'acylindrical' isometric action on some geodesic hyperbolic metric space
Equichordal point
In geometry, an equichordal point is a point defined relative to a convex plane curve such that all chords passing through the point are equal in length. Two common figures with equichordal points are
Diffeomorphometry
Diffeomorphometry is the metric study of imagery, shape and form in the discipline of computational anatomy (CA) in medical imaging. The study of images in computational anatomy rely on high-dimension