Functions and mappings | Integrals | Linear operators in calculus
In mathematics, an integral assigns numbers to functions in a way that describes displacement, area, volume, and other concepts that arise by combining infinitesimal data. The process of finding integrals is called integration. Along with differentiation, integration is a fundamental, essential operation of calculus, and serves as a tool to solve problems in mathematics and physics involving the area of an arbitrary shape, the length of a curve, and the volume of a solid, among others. The integrals enumerated here are those termed definite integrals, which can be interpreted as the signed area of the region in the plane that is bounded by the graph of a given function between two points in the real line. Conventionally, areas above the horizontal axis of the plane are positive while areas below are negative. Integrals also refer to the concept of an antiderivative, a function whose derivative is the given function. In this case, they are called indefinite integrals. The fundamental theorem of calculus relates definite integrals with differentiation and provides a method to compute the definite integral of a function when its antiderivative is known. Although methods of calculating areas and volumes dated from ancient Greek mathematics, the principles of integration were formulated independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the late 17th century, who thought of the area under a curve as an infinite sum of rectangles of infinitesimal width. Bernhard Riemann later gave a rigorous definition of integrals, which is based on a limiting procedure that approximates the area of a curvilinear region by breaking the region into infinitesimally thin vertical slabs. In the early 20th century, Henri Lebesgue generalized Riemann's formulation by introducing what is now referred to as the Lebesgue integral; it is more robust than Riemann's in the sense that a wider class of functions are Lebesgue-integrable. Integrals may be generalized depending on the type of the function as well as the domain over which the integration is performed. For example, a line integral is defined for functions of two or more variables, and the interval of integration is replaced by a curve connecting the two endpoints of the interval. In a surface integral, the curve is replaced by a piece of a surface in three-dimensional space. (Wikipedia).
What is an integral and it's parts
👉 Learn about integration. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as an indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in which the upper and the lower li
From playlist The Integral
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👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as an indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in which t
From playlist The Integral
Use the FTOC to evaluate the integral
Keywords 👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in
From playlist Evaluate Integrals
Integrate the a rational expression using logarithms and u substitution
👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as an indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in which t
From playlist The Integral
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👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as an indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in which t
From playlist The Integral
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👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as an indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in which t
From playlist The Integral
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Keywords 👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in
From playlist Evaluate Integrals
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Keywords 👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in
From playlist Evaluate Integrals
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👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as an indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in which t
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MIT 18.102 Introduction to Functional Analysis, Spring 2021 Instructor: Dr. Casey Rodriguez View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-102-introduction-to-functional-analysis-spring-2021/ YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWzCHjN3_3s&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63micsJp_
From playlist MIT 18.102 Introduction to Functional Analysis, Spring 2021
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👉 Learn how to evaluate the integral of a function. The integral, also called antiderivative, of a function, is the reverse process of differentiation. Integral of a function can be evaluated as an indefinite integral or as a definite integral. A definite integral is an integral in which t
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