History of calculus | French geometers | Number theorists

Pierre de Fermat

Pierre de Fermat (French: [pjɛʁ də fɛʁma]; between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which is analogous to that of differential calculus, then unknown, and his research into number theory. He made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics. He is best known for his Fermat's principle for light propagation and his Fermat's Last Theorem in number theory, which he described in a note at the margin of a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica. He was also a lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France. (Wikipedia).

Pierre de Fermat
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Hero of Alexandria | Triangular number | Fermat's factorization method | Angle of incidence (optics) | Difference quotient | Quadrature (mathematics) | Differential calculus | Probability | Fermat's little theorem | Pentagonal number | Fermat's Last Theorem | Carl Friedrich Gauss | Arithmetica | Tangent | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | La Géométrie | Geometric series | André Weil | Fermat polygonal number theorem | History of variational principles in physics | Adequality | Maxima and minima | Marin Mersenne | Folium of Descartes | Lagrange's four-square theorem | Mathematics | Diophantus | René Descartes | Group theory | Euclid | Number theory | Problem of points | Rational point | Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem | Fermat's principle | Fundamental theorem of calculus | Perfect number | Euler's theorem | Dice | Algebraic curve | Elliptic curve | Isaac Newton | John Wallis | Pell's equation | Probability theory | Fermat's right triangle theorem | Apollonius of Perga | Diagonal form | Analytic geometry | Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares