Inflammation and Immune Response

8.

Resolution and Outcomes of Acute Inflammation

8.1.

Successful Resolution

8.1.1.

Elimination of Inflammatory Stimulus

8.1.2.

Clearance of Inflammatory Mediators

8.1.3.

Neutrophil Apoptosis

8.1.4.

Macrophage-Mediated Clearance

8.1.5.

Restoration of Tissue Homeostasis

8.1.6.

Vascular Normalization

8.2.

Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators

8.2.1.

Lipoxin Biosynthesis and Actions

8.2.2.

Resolvin Classes

8.2.2.1.

E-Series Resolvins

8.2.2.2.

D-Series Resolvins

8.2.3.

Protectin Functions

8.2.4.

Maresin Activities

8.3.

Healing by Repair

8.3.1.

Scar Formation Process

8.3.2.

Collagen Synthesis and Deposition

8.3.3.

Fibroblast Activation

8.3.4.

8.3.5.

Tissue Remodeling

8.3.6.

Wound Contraction

8.4.

Progression to Chronic Inflammation

8.4.1.

Failure of Resolution Mechanisms

8.4.2.

Persistent Inflammatory Stimuli

8.4.3.

Defective Apoptosis

8.4.4.

Impaired Clearance

8.4.5.

Transition Mechanisms

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7. Chemical Mediators of Inflammation

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9. Chronic Inflammation