Inflammation and Immune Response

  1. Vascular Events in Acute Inflammation
    1. Vasodilation
      1. Mechanisms of Vessel Dilation
        1. Mediators of Vasodilation
          1. Histamine
            1. Nitric Oxide
              1. Prostaglandins
                1. Kinins
                2. Functional Consequences
                  1. Increased Blood Flow
                    1. Heat and Redness
                  2. Increased Vascular Permeability
                    1. Mechanisms of Permeability Changes
                      1. Endothelial Cell Contraction
                        1. Endothelial Cell Retraction
                          1. Direct Endothelial Injury
                            1. Leukocyte-Mediated Injury
                              1. Transcytosis
                              2. Types of Permeability Responses
                                1. Immediate Transient Response
                                  1. Immediate Sustained Response
                                    1. Delayed Prolonged Response
                                    2. Formation of Inflammatory Exudate
                                      1. Protein-Rich Exudate
                                        1. Cellular Exudate
                                        2. Edema Formation
                                        3. Changes in Blood Flow
                                          1. Initial Transient Vasoconstriction
                                            1. Vasodilation and Increased Flow
                                              1. Stasis and Sludging
                                                1. Margination of Leukocytes

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                                              4. Initiation and Triggers of Inflammation

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                                              6. Cellular Events and Leukocyte Recruitment