Inflammation and Immune Response

  1. Initiation and Triggers of Inflammation
    1. Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
      1. Bacterial PAMPs
        1. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
          1. Peptidoglycan
            1. Flagellin
              1. CpG DNA
              2. Viral PAMPs
                1. Double-Stranded RNA
                  1. Single-Stranded RNA
                    1. Viral DNA
                    2. Fungal PAMPs
                      1. β-Glucans
                        1. Mannans
                        2. Parasitic PAMPs
                        3. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)
                          1. Intracellular DAMPs
                            1. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)
                              1. Heat Shock Proteins
                                1. Uric Acid
                                  1. ATP
                                  2. Extracellular Matrix DAMPs
                                    1. Hyaluronic Acid Fragments
                                      1. Fibronectin Fragments
                                      2. Nuclear DAMPs
                                        1. DNA
                                          1. Histones
                                        2. Infectious Triggers
                                          1. Bacterial Infections
                                            1. Gram-Positive Bacteria
                                              1. Gram-Negative Bacteria
                                                1. Intracellular Bacteria
                                                2. Viral Infections
                                                  1. DNA Viruses
                                                    1. RNA Viruses
                                                    2. Fungal Infections
                                                      1. Parasitic Infections
                                                      2. Non-Infectious Triggers
                                                        1. Tissue Necrosis
                                                          1. Ischemic Necrosis
                                                            1. Toxic Necrosis
                                                            2. Physical Trauma
                                                              1. Chemical Irritants
                                                                1. Foreign Bodies
                                                                  1. Immune Complex Deposition
                                                                    1. Autoimmune Reactions

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                                                                  3. Molecular Components and Recognition Systems

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                                                                  5. Vascular Events in Acute Inflammation