Inflammation and Immune Response

  1. Pharmacological Modulation of Inflammation
    1. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
      1. Mechanism of Action
        1. COX-1 Inhibition
          1. COX-2 Inhibition
          2. Classification
            1. Non-Selective NSAIDs
              1. COX-2 Selective Inhibitors
              2. Therapeutic Effects
                1. Adverse Effects
                  1. Gastrointestinal Toxicity
                    1. Cardiovascular Risks
                      1. Renal Effects
                    2. Corticosteroids
                      1. Mechanism of Action
                        1. Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding
                          1. Gene Transcription Effects
                            1. Non-Genomic Effects
                            2. Anti-Inflammatory Effects
                              1. Clinical Applications
                                1. Side Effects
                                  1. Metabolic Effects
                                    1. Immunosuppression
                                      1. Bone Effects
                                    2. Targeted Biological Therapies
                                      1. Anti-TNF Agents
                                        1. Infliximab
                                          1. Adalimumab
                                            1. Etanercept
                                            2. Anti-IL-1 Therapy
                                              1. Anakinra
                                                1. Canakinumab
                                                2. Anti-IL-6 Therapy
                                                  1. Tocilizumab
                                                  2. Other Cytokine Inhibitors
                                                  3. Antihistamines
                                                    1. H1 Receptor Antagonists
                                                      1. H2 Receptor Antagonists
                                                        1. Clinical Uses
                                                        2. Complement Inhibitors
                                                          1. C1 Esterase Inhibitor
                                                            1. Anti-C5 Antibodies
                                                            2. Other Anti-Inflammatory Agents
                                                              1. Colchicine
                                                                1. Methotrexate
                                                                  1. Sulfasalazine
                                                                    1. Hydroxychloroquine

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                                                                  12. Regulation of Inflammatory Responses

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                                                                  14. Clinical Assessment and Monitoring