Inflammation and Immune Response

  1. Cellular Components of the Immune System
    1. Innate Immune Cells
      1. Neutrophils
        1. Morphology and Identification
          1. Life Cycle and Turnover
            1. Recruitment Mechanisms
              1. Antimicrobial Functions
                1. Phagocytosis
                  1. Degranulation
                    1. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)
                    2. Role in Acute Inflammation
                    3. Macrophages
                      1. Origin and Development
                        1. Tissue Distribution
                          1. Phenotypic Plasticity
                            1. M1 (Classical) Activation
                              1. M2 (Alternative) Activation
                              2. Functions
                                1. Phagocytosis and Clearance
                                  1. Antigen Presentation
                                    1. Tissue Remodeling
                                      1. Cytokine Production
                                    2. Dendritic Cells
                                      1. Subtypes and Distribution
                                        1. Antigen Capture Mechanisms
                                          1. Maturation Process
                                            1. Migration to Lymphoid Organs
                                              1. T Cell Activation
                                              2. Monocytes
                                                1. Circulating Precursors
                                                  1. Differentiation Pathways
                                                    1. Recruitment to Tissues
                                                    2. Mast Cells
                                                      1. Distribution and Localization
                                                        1. Granule Contents
                                                          1. Histamine
                                                            1. Heparin
                                                              1. Proteases
                                                              2. Activation Mechanisms
                                                                1. Role in Immediate Hypersensitivity
                                                                2. Basophils
                                                                  1. Morphological Features
                                                                    1. Mediator Release
                                                                      1. Role in Allergic Responses
                                                                      2. Eosinophils
                                                                        1. Structure and Granule Contents
                                                                          1. Anti-parasitic Functions
                                                                            1. Role in Allergic Diseases
                                                                              1. Tissue Eosinophilia
                                                                              2. Natural Killer (NK) Cells
                                                                                1. Recognition Mechanisms
                                                                                  1. Missing Self Recognition
                                                                                    1. Stress-Induced Ligands
                                                                                    2. Cytotoxic Mechanisms
                                                                                      1. Cytokine Production
                                                                                        1. Role in Viral Infections
                                                                                      2. Adaptive Immune Cells
                                                                                        1. B Lymphocytes
                                                                                          1. Development Stages
                                                                                            1. Pro-B Cells
                                                                                              1. Pre-B Cells
                                                                                                1. Immature B Cells
                                                                                                  1. Mature B Cells
                                                                                                  2. B Cell Receptor (BCR) Structure
                                                                                                    1. Activation Mechanisms
                                                                                                      1. T-Dependent Activation
                                                                                                        1. T-Independent Activation
                                                                                                        2. Differentiation Outcomes
                                                                                                          1. Plasma Cells
                                                                                                            1. Memory B Cells
                                                                                                            2. Antibody Class Switching
                                                                                                              1. Somatic Hypermutation
                                                                                                              2. T Lymphocytes
                                                                                                                1. T Cell Development
                                                                                                                  1. Thymic Selection Processes
                                                                                                                    1. TCR Rearrangement
                                                                                                                    2. T Cell Receptor (TCR) Structure
                                                                                                                      1. Major T Cell Subsets
                                                                                                                        1. CD4+ Helper T Cells
                                                                                                                          1. CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells
                                                                                                                            1. Regulatory T Cells
                                                                                                                            2. Helper T Cell Subsets
                                                                                                                              1. Th1 Cells
                                                                                                                                1. Transcription Factors
                                                                                                                                  1. Cytokine Profile
                                                                                                                                    1. Functions
                                                                                                                                    2. Th2 Cells
                                                                                                                                      1. Development Signals
                                                                                                                                        1. Effector Functions
                                                                                                                                        2. Th17 Cells
                                                                                                                                          1. Differentiation Requirements
                                                                                                                                            1. Pathological Roles
                                                                                                                                            2. Follicular Helper T Cells (Tfh)
                                                                                                                                              1. Other Helper Subsets
                                                                                                                                              2. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
                                                                                                                                                1. Activation Requirements
                                                                                                                                                  1. Killing Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                    1. Perforin-Granzyme Pathway
                                                                                                                                                      1. Fas-FasL Pathway
                                                                                                                                                      2. Memory Formation
                                                                                                                                                      3. Regulatory T Cells
                                                                                                                                                        1. Natural Tregs
                                                                                                                                                          1. Induced Tregs
                                                                                                                                                            1. Suppressive Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                              1. Role in Immune Tolerance

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                                                                                                                                                        1. Introduction to Inflammation and the Immune System

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                                                                                                                                                        3. Molecular Components and Recognition Systems