Clinical Chemistry

  1. Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN) Compounds
    1. Urea
      1. Synthesis and Excretion
        1. Urea Cycle
          1. Enzymatic Steps
            1. Regulation
            2. Renal Excretion
              1. Glomerular Filtration
                1. Tubular Reabsorption
              2. Clinical Significance
                1. Azotemia
                  1. Prerenal Causes
                    1. Renal Causes
                      1. Postrenal Causes
                      2. Uremia
                        1. Symptoms
                          1. Complications
                        2. Laboratory Measurement
                          1. Methods
                            1. Reference Ranges
                          2. Creatinine
                            1. Synthesis and Excretion
                              1. Muscle Metabolism
                                1. Creatine Phosphate System
                                2. Renal Excretion
                                  1. Glomerular Filtration
                                    1. Tubular Secretion
                                  2. Clinical Significance
                                    1. Renal Function Assessment
                                      1. Muscle Mass Correlation
                                      2. Creatinine Clearance and eGFR
                                        1. Calculation Methods
                                          1. Cockcroft-Gault Equation
                                            1. MDRD Equation
                                              1. CKD-EPI Equation
                                              2. Interpretation
                                                1. Limitations
                                                2. Laboratory Measurement
                                                  1. Jaffe Method
                                                    1. Enzymatic Methods
                                                      1. Reference Ranges
                                                    2. Uric Acid
                                                      1. Synthesis and Excretion
                                                        1. Purine Metabolism
                                                          1. Xanthine Oxidase
                                                          2. Renal Excretion
                                                            1. Glomerular Filtration
                                                              1. Tubular Secretion
                                                                1. Tubular Reabsorption
                                                              2. Clinical Significance
                                                                1. Gout
                                                                  1. Pathophysiology
                                                                    1. Clinical Features
                                                                    2. Renal Disease
                                                                      1. Uric Acid Nephropathy
                                                                      2. Hyperuricemia
                                                                        1. Primary Causes
                                                                          1. Secondary Causes
                                                                          2. Hypouricemia
                                                                            1. Causes
                                                                              1. Clinical Significance
                                                                            2. Laboratory Measurement
                                                                              1. Uricase Method
                                                                                1. Reference Ranges
                                                                              2. Ammonia
                                                                                1. Metabolism and Clinical Significance
                                                                                  1. Sources of Ammonia
                                                                                    1. Protein Catabolism
                                                                                      1. Bacterial Production
                                                                                      2. Detoxification Pathways
                                                                                        1. Urea Cycle
                                                                                          1. Glutamine Synthesis
                                                                                          2. Hepatic Encephalopathy
                                                                                            1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                              1. Clinical Features
                                                                                            2. Laboratory Measurement
                                                                                              1. Sample Requirements
                                                                                                1. Methods
                                                                                                  1. Reference Ranges
                                                                                                2. Other NPN Compounds
                                                                                                  1. Creatine
                                                                                                    1. Metabolism
                                                                                                      1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                      2. Amino Acids
                                                                                                        1. Metabolism
                                                                                                          1. Clinical Significance

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                                                                                                      7. Proteins

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                                                                                                      9. Clinical Enzymology