Clinical Chemistry

  1. Clinical Toxicology
    1. General Principles
      1. Toxicokinetics
        1. Absorption
          1. Distribution
            1. Metabolism
              1. Excretion
              2. Dose-Response Relationships
                1. Analytical Approaches
                  1. Screening vs. Confirmation
                    1. Qualitative vs. Quantitative
                  2. Alcohols
                    1. Ethanol
                      1. Metabolism and Effects
                        1. Alcohol Dehydrogenase
                          1. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
                            1. Zero-Order Kinetics
                            2. Laboratory Detection
                              1. Blood Alcohol
                                1. Breath Alcohol
                                  1. Urine Alcohol
                                2. Methanol
                                  1. Metabolism and Toxicity
                                    1. Formic Acid Formation
                                      1. Metabolic Acidosis
                                        1. Ocular Toxicity
                                        2. Laboratory Detection
                                          1. Direct Measurement
                                            1. Osmolal Gap
                                          2. Isopropanol
                                            1. Metabolism and Toxicity
                                              1. Acetone Formation
                                              2. Laboratory Detection
                                              3. Ethylene Glycol
                                                1. Metabolism and Toxicity
                                                  1. Oxalic Acid Formation
                                                    1. Renal Toxicity
                                                    2. Laboratory Detection
                                                  2. Drugs of Abuse Screening
                                                    1. Common Drugs Screened
                                                      1. Amphetamines
                                                        1. Cocaine
                                                          1. Opiates
                                                            1. Cannabinoids
                                                              1. Phencyclidine (PCP)
                                                                1. Benzodiazepines
                                                                  1. Barbiturates
                                                                  2. Screening Methods
                                                                    1. Immunoassays
                                                                      1. Chromatographic Methods
                                                                      2. Confirmatory Testing
                                                                        1. GC-MS
                                                                          1. LC-MS/MS
                                                                          2. Chain of Custody
                                                                          3. Over-the-Counter Drug Overdose
                                                                            1. Salicylates
                                                                              1. Toxicity and Symptoms
                                                                                1. Respiratory Alkalosis
                                                                                  1. Metabolic Acidosis
                                                                                    1. Hyperthermia
                                                                                    2. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                      1. Serum Salicylate
                                                                                        1. Done Nomogram
                                                                                      2. Acetaminophen
                                                                                        1. Toxicity and Symptoms
                                                                                          1. Hepatotoxicity
                                                                                            1. Rumack-Matthew Nomogram
                                                                                            2. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                              1. Serum Acetaminophen
                                                                                                1. Liver Function Tests
                                                                                            3. Heavy Metal Poisoning
                                                                                              1. Lead
                                                                                                1. Sources and Effects
                                                                                                  1. Neurological Effects
                                                                                                    1. Hematological Effects
                                                                                                    2. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                                      1. Blood Lead
                                                                                                        1. Zinc Protoporphyrin
                                                                                                          1. Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid
                                                                                                        2. Mercury
                                                                                                          1. Sources and Effects
                                                                                                            1. Organic vs. Inorganic
                                                                                                              1. Neurological Effects
                                                                                                              2. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                                                1. Blood Mercury
                                                                                                                  1. Urine Mercury
                                                                                                                2. Arsenic
                                                                                                                  1. Sources and Effects
                                                                                                                    1. Acute vs. Chronic
                                                                                                                      1. Carcinogenic Effects
                                                                                                                      2. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                                                        1. Urine Arsenic
                                                                                                                          1. Hair and Nail Analysis
                                                                                                                        2. Cadmium
                                                                                                                          1. Sources and Effects
                                                                                                                            1. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                                                            2. Chromium
                                                                                                                              1. Sources and Effects
                                                                                                                                1. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                                                              2. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
                                                                                                                                1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Effects
                                                                                                                                    1. Laboratory Detection
                                                                                                                                      1. Carboxyhemoglobin
                                                                                                                                    2. Cyanide Poisoning
                                                                                                                                      1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                        1. Clinical Effects
                                                                                                                                          1. Laboratory Detection

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                                                                                                                                        13. Vitamins and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

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                                                                                                                                        15. Organ System Assessment