Clinical Chemistry

  1. Vitamins and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
    1. Fat-Soluble Vitamins
      1. Vitamin A
        1. Forms and Functions
          1. Deficiency and Toxicity
            1. Laboratory Assessment
            2. Vitamin D
              1. Forms and Functions
                1. Vitamin D2 vs. D3
                  1. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
                    1. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
                    2. Metabolism
                      1. Skin Synthesis
                        1. Hepatic Hydroxylation
                          1. Renal Hydroxylation
                          2. Deficiency and Toxicity
                            1. Rickets
                              1. Osteomalacia
                                1. Hypercalcemia
                                2. Laboratory Assessment
                                  1. 25(OH)D
                                    1. 1,25(OH)2D
                                  2. Vitamin E
                                    1. Forms and Functions
                                      1. Deficiency and Toxicity
                                        1. Laboratory Assessment
                                        2. Vitamin K
                                          1. Forms and Functions
                                            1. Deficiency and Toxicity
                                              1. Laboratory Assessment
                                            2. Water-Soluble Vitamins
                                              1. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
                                                1. Forms and Functions
                                                  1. Methylcobalamin
                                                    1. Adenosylcobalamin
                                                    2. Absorption and Transport
                                                      1. Intrinsic Factor
                                                        1. Transcobalamin
                                                        2. Deficiency
                                                          1. Pernicious Anemia
                                                            1. Neurological Effects
                                                            2. Laboratory Assessment
                                                              1. Serum B12
                                                                1. Methylmalonic Acid
                                                                  1. Homocysteine
                                                                2. Folate
                                                                  1. Forms and Functions
                                                                    1. Tetrahydrofolate
                                                                      1. Methyltetrahydrofolate
                                                                      2. Metabolism
                                                                        1. Dietary Sources
                                                                          1. Cellular Uptake
                                                                          2. Deficiency
                                                                            1. Megaloblastic Anemia
                                                                              1. Neural Tube Defects
                                                                              2. Laboratory Assessment
                                                                                1. Serum Folate
                                                                                  1. Red Cell Folate
                                                                                2. Vitamin C
                                                                                  1. Functions
                                                                                    1. Deficiency (Scurvy)
                                                                                      1. Laboratory Assessment
                                                                                      2. B-Complex Vitamins
                                                                                        1. Thiamine (B1)
                                                                                          1. Riboflavin (B2)
                                                                                            1. Niacin (B3)
                                                                                              1. Pyridoxine (B6)
                                                                                                1. Biotin
                                                                                                  1. Pantothenic Acid
                                                                                                2. Principles of TDM
                                                                                                  1. Indications for TDM
                                                                                                    1. Narrow Therapeutic Index
                                                                                                      1. Variable Pharmacokinetics
                                                                                                        1. Suspected Toxicity
                                                                                                          1. Therapeutic Failure
                                                                                                          2. Pharmacokinetics
                                                                                                            1. Absorption
                                                                                                              1. Bioavailability
                                                                                                                1. First-Pass Effect
                                                                                                                2. Distribution
                                                                                                                  1. Volume of Distribution
                                                                                                                    1. Protein Binding
                                                                                                                    2. Metabolism
                                                                                                                      1. Hepatic Clearance
                                                                                                                        1. Enzyme Induction/Inhibition
                                                                                                                        2. Excretion
                                                                                                                          1. Renal Clearance
                                                                                                                            1. Half-Life
                                                                                                                          2. Sample Timing
                                                                                                                            1. Peak Levels
                                                                                                                              1. Trough Levels
                                                                                                                                1. Steady State
                                                                                                                                  1. Guidelines for Collection
                                                                                                                                2. Common Drugs Monitored
                                                                                                                                  1. Antiepileptics
                                                                                                                                    1. Phenytoin
                                                                                                                                      1. Carbamazepine
                                                                                                                                        1. Valproic Acid
                                                                                                                                          1. Phenobarbital
                                                                                                                                            1. Newer Antiepileptics
                                                                                                                                            2. Cardioactive Drugs
                                                                                                                                              1. Digoxin
                                                                                                                                                1. Quinidine
                                                                                                                                                  1. Procainamide
                                                                                                                                                    1. Lidocaine
                                                                                                                                                    2. Antibiotics
                                                                                                                                                      1. Aminoglycosides
                                                                                                                                                        1. Gentamicin
                                                                                                                                                          1. Tobramycin
                                                                                                                                                            1. Amikacin
                                                                                                                                                            2. Vancomycin
                                                                                                                                                            3. Immunosuppressants
                                                                                                                                                              1. Cyclosporine
                                                                                                                                                                1. Tacrolimus
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sirolimus
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mycophenolic Acid
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Psychoactive Drugs
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lithium
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tricyclic Antidepressants
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Bronchodilators
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Theophylline
                                                                                                                                                                        3. Analytical Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sample Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Analytical Methods
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Interferences
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Quality Control

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                                                                                                                                                                              12. Minerals and Trace Elements

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                                                                                                                                                                              14. Clinical Toxicology