Clinical Chemistry

  1. Lipids and Lipoproteins
    1. Lipid Metabolism
      1. Digestion and Absorption
        1. Pancreatic Lipases
          1. Bile Acids
            1. Micelle Formation
              1. Chylomicron Formation
              2. Transport and Storage
                1. Lipoprotein Metabolism
                  1. Tissue Uptake
                    1. Adipose Tissue Storage
                    2. Catabolism
                      1. Beta-Oxidation
                        1. Ketogenesis
                      2. Major Lipids
                        1. Cholesterol
                          1. Structure and Function
                            1. Biosynthesis and Regulation
                              1. HMG-CoA Reductase
                                1. Feedback Inhibition
                                2. Triglycerides
                                  1. Structure and Function
                                    1. Biosynthesis and Regulation
                                      1. Energy Storage
                                      2. Phospholipids
                                        1. Structure and Function
                                          1. Role in Cell Membranes
                                            1. Lecithin
                                              1. Sphingomyelin
                                              2. Free Fatty Acids
                                                1. Structure and Function
                                                  1. Transport
                                                2. Lipoproteins
                                                  1. Structure and Composition
                                                    1. Apolipoproteins
                                                      1. Lipid Core
                                                        1. Surface Components
                                                        2. Chylomicrons
                                                          1. Structure and Function
                                                            1. Metabolic Pathway
                                                              1. Lipoprotein Lipase
                                                              2. Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
                                                                1. Structure and Function
                                                                  1. Metabolic Pathway
                                                                    1. Conversion to LDL
                                                                    2. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
                                                                      1. Structure and Function
                                                                        1. Metabolic Pathway
                                                                          1. LDL Receptors
                                                                            1. Atherogenic Properties
                                                                            2. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
                                                                              1. Structure and Function
                                                                                1. Metabolic Pathway
                                                                                  1. Reverse Cholesterol Transport
                                                                                    1. Cardioprotective Properties
                                                                                    2. Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein (IDL)
                                                                                      1. Structure and Function
                                                                                      2. Lipoprotein(a)
                                                                                        1. Structure and Function
                                                                                          1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                        2. Clinical Significance
                                                                                          1. Hyperlipidemia
                                                                                            1. Primary Hyperlipidemia
                                                                                              1. Secondary Hyperlipidemia
                                                                                                1. Types and Causes
                                                                                                  1. Clinical Implications
                                                                                                  2. Dyslipidemia
                                                                                                    1. Types and Causes
                                                                                                      1. Mixed Dyslipidemia
                                                                                                        1. Clinical Implications
                                                                                                        2. Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease
                                                                                                          1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                            1. Plaque Formation
                                                                                                              1. Risk Factors
                                                                                                                1. Framingham Risk Score
                                                                                                                2. Metabolic Syndrome
                                                                                                                  1. Components
                                                                                                                    1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                  2. Laboratory Analysis
                                                                                                                    1. Patient Preparation
                                                                                                                      1. Fasting Requirements
                                                                                                                        1. Dietary Restrictions
                                                                                                                        2. Lipid Panel
                                                                                                                          1. Total Cholesterol
                                                                                                                            1. Triglycerides
                                                                                                                              1. HDL Cholesterol
                                                                                                                                1. LDL Cholesterol
                                                                                                                                  1. Reference Ranges
                                                                                                                                    1. Risk Categories
                                                                                                                                    2. Calculation of LDL-Cholesterol (Friedewald Equation)
                                                                                                                                      1. Formula and Limitations
                                                                                                                                        1. When to Use Direct Methods
                                                                                                                                        2. Direct LDL Measurement
                                                                                                                                          1. Methods and Indications
                                                                                                                                            1. Advantages over Calculated LDL
                                                                                                                                            2. Advanced Lipid Testing
                                                                                                                                              1. Apolipoprotein A-I
                                                                                                                                                1. Apolipoprotein B
                                                                                                                                                  1. Lipoprotein(a)
                                                                                                                                                    1. LDL Particle Size
                                                                                                                                                    2. Non-HDL Cholesterol
                                                                                                                                                      1. Calculation
                                                                                                                                                        1. Clinical Utility

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                                                                                                                                                    5. Carbohydrates

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                                                                                                                                                    7. Proteins