Clinical Chemistry

11.

11.1.

Pituitary Hormones

11.1.1.

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

11.1.1.1.

Growth Hormone (GH)

11.1.1.1.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.1.1.2.

11.1.1.1.3.

Clinical Significance

11.1.1.1.4.

11.1.1.2.

11.1.1.2.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.1.2.2.

11.1.1.2.3.

Clinical Significance

11.1.1.3.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

11.1.1.3.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.1.3.2.

11.1.1.3.3.

Clinical Significance

11.1.1.4.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

11.1.1.4.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.1.4.2.

11.1.1.4.3.

Clinical Significance

11.1.1.5.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

11.1.1.5.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.1.5.2.

11.1.1.5.3.

Clinical Significance

11.1.1.6.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

11.1.1.6.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.1.6.2.

11.1.1.6.3.

Clinical Significance

11.1.2.

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

11.1.2.1.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

11.1.2.1.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.2.1.2.

11.1.2.1.3.

Clinical Significance

11.1.2.2.

11.1.2.2.1.

Structure and Function

11.1.2.2.2.

Clinical Significance

11.1.3.

Pituitary Disorders

11.1.3.1.

Hypopituitarism

11.1.3.2.

Hyperpituitarism

11.1.3.3.

Pituitary Adenomas

11.2.

Thyroid Function

11.2.1.

Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

11.2.1.1.

11.2.1.2.

11.2.1.3.

Peroxidase Enzyme

11.2.2.

Thyroid Hormones

11.2.2.1.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

11.2.2.1.1.

Reference Ranges

11.2.2.1.2.

Clinical Significance

11.2.2.2.

11.2.2.2.1.

11.2.2.2.2.

11.2.2.2.3.

Clinical Significance

11.2.2.3.

Triiodothyronine (T3)

11.2.2.3.1.

11.2.2.3.2.

11.2.2.3.3.

11.2.2.3.4.

Clinical Significance

11.2.2.4.

11.2.2.4.1.

Clinical Significance

11.2.3.

Thyroid Disorders

11.2.3.1.

11.2.3.1.1.

Primary vs. Secondary

11.2.3.1.2.

Causes and Pathophysiology

11.2.3.1.3.

Laboratory Diagnosis

11.2.3.1.4.

Clinical Features

11.2.3.2.

Hyperthyroidism

11.2.3.2.1.

Causes and Pathophysiology

11.2.3.2.2.

Laboratory Diagnosis

11.2.3.2.3.

Clinical Features

11.2.3.3.

11.2.3.3.1.

11.2.3.3.2.

Laboratory Findings

11.2.4.

Thyroid Antibodies

11.2.4.1.

11.2.4.2.

Anti-Thyroglobulin

11.2.4.3.

TSH Receptor Antibodies

11.3.

Adrenal Function

11.3.1.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

11.3.1.1.

11.3.1.1.1.

Synthesis and Regulation

11.3.1.1.2.

Circadian Rhythm

11.3.1.1.3.

11.3.1.1.4.

11.3.1.1.4.1.

Cushing's Syndrome

11.3.1.1.4.2.

Addison's Disease

11.3.1.2.

11.3.1.2.1.

Synthesis and Regulation

11.3.1.2.2.

11.3.1.2.3.

11.3.1.2.3.1.

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

11.3.1.2.3.2.

Hypoaldosteronism

11.3.1.3.

11.3.1.3.1.

11.3.1.3.2.

11.3.1.3.3.

Androstenedione

11.3.2.

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

11.3.2.1.

11.3.2.1.1.

11.3.2.1.2.

11.3.2.1.3.

11.3.2.1.4.

11.3.2.1.5.

Clinical Significance

11.3.2.2.

Pheochromocytoma

11.3.2.2.1.

11.3.2.2.2.

Laboratory Tests

11.3.3.

Adrenal Function Tests

11.3.3.1.

Dexamethasone Suppression Test

11.3.3.2.

ACTH Stimulation Test

11.3.3.3.

24-Hour Urine Cortisol

11.4.

Reproductive Hormones

11.4.1.

11.4.1.1.

11.4.1.1.1.

11.4.1.1.2.

11.4.1.1.3.

Clinical Significance

11.4.1.2.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

11.4.1.3.

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG)

11.4.2.

Female Hormones

11.4.2.1.

11.4.2.1.1.

11.4.2.1.2.

11.4.2.1.3.

11.4.2.2.

11.4.2.2.1.

Menstrual Cycle

11.4.2.2.2.

11.4.2.3.

Menstrual Cycle Hormones

11.4.2.3.1.

11.4.2.3.2.

11.4.2.3.3.

Ovulation Testing

11.4.3.

Pregnancy Hormones

11.4.3.1.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

11.4.3.1.1.

Structure and Function

11.4.3.1.2.

Pregnancy Testing

11.4.3.1.3.

11.4.3.2.

Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A)

11.4.3.3.

Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)

11.4.4.

Disorders of Reproductive Hormones

11.4.4.1.

11.4.4.2.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

11.4.4.3.

11.5.

Other Endocrine Hormones

11.5.1.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

11.5.1.1.

Structure and Function

11.5.1.2.

11.5.1.3.

Clinical Significance

11.5.2.

11.5.2.1.

Structure and Function

11.5.2.2.

Clinical Significance

11.5.3.

Insulin and C-Peptide

11.5.3.1.

Structure and Function

11.5.3.2.

Clinical Significance

11.5.4.

11.5.4.1.

Structure and Function

11.5.4.2.

Clinical Significance

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