Clinical Chemistry

  1. Proteins
    1. General Properties and Functions
      1. Structure of Proteins
        1. Primary Structure
          1. Secondary Structure
            1. Tertiary Structure
              1. Quaternary Structure
              2. Biological Functions
                1. Enzymatic
                  1. Structural
                    1. Transport
                      1. Storage
                        1. Hormonal
                          1. Receptor
                            1. Contractile
                              1. Defensive
                            2. Total Protein Measurement
                              1. Methods of Measurement
                                1. Biuret Method
                                  1. Lowry Method
                                    1. Bradford Method
                                    2. Reference Ranges
                                      1. Clinical Significance
                                      2. Albumin
                                        1. Structure and Properties
                                          1. Functions and Clinical Significance
                                            1. Oncotic Pressure
                                              1. Transport Function
                                                1. Drug Binding
                                                2. Synthesis and Catabolism
                                                  1. Hypoalbuminemia
                                                    1. Decreased Synthesis
                                                      1. Increased Loss
                                                        1. Increased Catabolism
                                                          1. Causes and Consequences
                                                          2. Hyperalbuminemia
                                                            1. Causes and Consequences
                                                          3. Globulins
                                                            1. Alpha-1 Globulins
                                                              1. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin
                                                                1. Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein
                                                                2. Alpha-2 Globulins
                                                                  1. Haptoglobin
                                                                    1. Ceruloplasmin
                                                                      1. Alpha-2 Macroglobulin
                                                                      2. Beta Globulins
                                                                        1. Transferrin
                                                                          1. Complement Components
                                                                            1. LDL
                                                                            2. Gamma Globulins
                                                                              1. Immunoglobulins
                                                                                1. Monoclonal vs. Polyclonal
                                                                                2. Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio
                                                                                  1. Calculation and Interpretation
                                                                                    1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                  2. Specific Proteins
                                                                                    1. Acute Phase Proteins
                                                                                      1. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
                                                                                        1. Role in Inflammation
                                                                                          1. High-Sensitivity CRP
                                                                                            1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                            2. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
                                                                                              1. Principles
                                                                                                1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                2. Procalcitonin
                                                                                                  1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                3. Transport Proteins
                                                                                                  1. Transferrin
                                                                                                    1. Role in Iron Transport
                                                                                                      1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                        1. Transferrin Saturation
                                                                                                        2. Ceruloplasmin
                                                                                                          1. Role in Copper Transport
                                                                                                            1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                              1. Wilson's Disease
                                                                                                              2. Haptoglobin
                                                                                                                1. Role in Hemoglobin Binding
                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                                    1. Hemolysis Detection
                                                                                                                  2. Storage Proteins
                                                                                                                    1. Ferritin
                                                                                                                      1. Role in Iron Storage
                                                                                                                        1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                                          1. Iron Deficiency vs. Overload
                                                                                                                        2. Immunoglobulins
                                                                                                                          1. IgG
                                                                                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                              1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                                              2. IgA
                                                                                                                                1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                                                  2. IgM
                                                                                                                                    1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                                                      2. IgE
                                                                                                                                        1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                                                          2. IgD
                                                                                                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                          3. Complement System
                                                                                                                                            1. Classical Pathway
                                                                                                                                              1. Alternative Pathway
                                                                                                                                                1. Lectin Pathway
                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                  2. Tumor Markers
                                                                                                                                                    1. Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
                                                                                                                                                      1. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
                                                                                                                                                        1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
                                                                                                                                                          1. CA 125
                                                                                                                                                            1. CA 19-9

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                                                                                                                                                        6. Lipids and Lipoproteins

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                                                                                                                                                        8. Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN) Compounds