Oncogenes and Cancer

7.

Tumor Suppressor Genes

7.1.

7.1.1.

Definition and Function

7.1.2.

Growth Inhibitory Roles

7.1.3.

Genomic Stability Maintenance

7.2.

Two-Hit Hypothesis

7.2.1.

Knudson's Model

7.2.2.

Loss of Heterozygosity

7.2.3.

Haploinsufficiency

7.3.

Recessive Nature of Mutations

7.3.1.

Contrast with Oncogenes

7.3.2.

Inheritance Patterns

7.4.

Major Tumor Suppressors

7.4.1.

7.4.1.1.

Guardian of the Genome

7.4.1.2.

DNA Damage Response

7.4.1.3.

Cell Cycle Arrest

7.4.1.4.

Apoptosis Induction

7.4.1.5.

p53 Mutations in Cancer

7.4.2.

7.4.2.1.

G1/S Checkpoint Control

7.4.2.2.

7.4.2.3.

Retinoblastoma Syndrome

7.4.3.

BRCA1 and BRCA2

7.4.3.1.

Homologous Recombination

7.4.3.2.

DNA Repair Functions

7.4.3.3.

Hereditary Breast Cancer

7.4.4.

7.4.4.1.

PI3K/AKT Pathway Regulation

7.4.4.2.

Phosphatase Activity

7.4.4.3.

Cowden Syndrome

7.4.5.

7.4.5.1.

Wnt Signaling Regulation

7.4.5.2.

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

7.4.5.3.

Colorectal Cancer

7.4.6.

7.4.6.1.

7.4.6.2.

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

7.4.7.

7.4.7.1.

7.4.7.2.

Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

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6. Major Oncogene Families

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8. Viral Oncogenes and Cancer