Oncogenes and Cancer

2.

Normal Cell Cycle Regulation

2.1.

Phases of the Cell Cycle

2.1.1.

2.1.1.1.

Cell Growth and Biosynthesis

2.1.1.2.

Preparation for DNA Synthesis

2.1.1.3.

Regulation of Cell Size and Nutrients

2.1.2.

2.1.2.1.

DNA Replication

2.1.2.2.

Synthesis of Histones

2.1.2.3.

DNA-Associated Protein Synthesis

2.1.3.

2.1.3.1.

Preparation for Mitosis

2.1.3.2.

DNA Damage Repair

2.1.3.3.

Organelle Duplication

2.1.4.

2.1.4.1.

2.1.4.2.

2.1.4.3.

2.1.4.4.

2.1.4.5.

2.1.5.

2.1.5.1.

Quiescent State

2.1.5.2.

Exit from Cell Cycle

2.1.5.3.

Re-entry Mechanisms

2.2.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

2.2.1.

G1/S Checkpoint

2.2.1.1.

DNA Integrity Assessment

2.2.1.2.

Control of Cell Cycle Entry

2.2.1.3.

2.2.1.4.

Role of Rb Protein

2.2.2.

Intra-S Phase Checkpoint

2.2.2.1.

Replication Fork Monitoring

2.2.2.2.

Response to Replication Stress

2.2.3.

G2/M Checkpoint

2.2.3.1.

DNA Damage Detection

2.2.3.2.

Control of Mitotic Entry

2.2.3.3.

ATM and ATR Kinases

2.2.4.

Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

2.2.4.1.

Chromosome Attachment Verification

2.2.4.2.

Prevention of Aneuploidy

2.2.4.3.

APC/C Regulation

2.3.

Key Regulatory Proteins

2.3.1.

2.3.1.1.

2.3.1.2.

2.3.1.3.

2.3.1.4.

2.3.2.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

2.3.2.1.

2.3.2.2.

2.3.2.3.

2.3.3.

2.3.3.1.

2.3.3.1.1.

2.3.3.1.2.

2.3.3.1.3.

2.3.3.2.

2.3.3.2.1.

2.3.3.2.2.

2.3.3.2.3.

2.3.3.2.4.

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1. Introduction to Cancer Biology

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3. Apoptosis and Cell Death Mechanisms