Oncogenes and Cancer

  1. Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenes
    1. Principles of Targeted Therapy
      1. Oncogene Addiction
        1. Synthetic Lethality
          1. Personalized Medicine
          2. Small Molecule Inhibitors
            1. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
              1. Imatinib for BCR-ABL
                1. Gefitinib for EGFR
                  1. Vemurafenib for BRAF
                    1. Crizotinib for ALK
                    2. Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitors
                      1. MEK Inhibitors
                        1. CDK4/6 Inhibitors
                        2. Other Enzyme Inhibitors
                          1. PI3K Inhibitors
                            1. mTOR Inhibitors
                              1. PARP Inhibitors
                            2. Monoclonal Antibodies
                              1. Receptor Targeting
                                1. Trastuzumab for HER2
                                  1. Cetuximab for EGFR
                                    1. Bevacizumab for VEGF
                                    2. Antibody-Drug Conjugates
                                      1. Bispecific Antibodies
                                      2. Challenges in Targeted Therapy
                                        1. Drug Resistance Mechanisms
                                          1. Primary Resistance
                                            1. Acquired Resistance
                                              1. Secondary Mutations
                                              2. Tumor Heterogeneity
                                                1. Intratumoral Diversity
                                                  1. Clonal Evolution
                                                  2. Targeting Undruggable Oncogenes
                                                    1. Ras Targeting Strategies
                                                      1. MYC Targeting Approaches
                                                      2. Combination Therapies
                                                        1. Rational Combinations
                                                          1. Overcoming Resistance
                                                            1. Toxicity Management

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                                                        10. Oncogene Discovery and Research Methods

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                                                        12. Clinical Applications and Future Directions