Neurology

  1. Infections of the Nervous System
    1. General Principles
      1. Routes of CNS Infection
        1. Hematogenous Spread
          1. Direct Extension
            1. Neural Spread
              1. Iatrogenic
              2. Host Defense Mechanisms
                1. Blood-Brain Barrier
                  1. Immune Surveillance
                    1. CSF Flow
                    2. Pathophysiology of CNS Infection
                      1. Inflammation
                        1. Increased Intracranial Pressure
                          1. Vascular Changes
                            1. Tissue Damage
                          2. Bacterial Infections
                            1. Acute Bacterial Meningitis
                              1. Epidemiology
                                1. Risk Factors
                                2. Common Pathogens
                                  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
                                    1. Neisseria meningitidis
                                      1. Haemophilus influenzae
                                        1. Listeria monocytogenes
                                          1. Group B Streptococcus
                                            1. Escherichia coli
                                            2. Pathophysiology
                                              1. Bacterial Invasion
                                                1. Inflammatory Response
                                                  1. Complications
                                                  2. Clinical Features
                                                    1. Classic Triad
                                                      1. Fever
                                                        1. Neck Stiffness
                                                          1. Altered Mental Status
                                                          2. Other Symptoms
                                                            1. Physical Signs
                                                              1. Kernig's Sign
                                                                1. Brudzinski's Sign
                                                                  1. Petechial Rash
                                                                2. Diagnosis
                                                                  1. Lumbar Puncture
                                                                    1. CSF Analysis
                                                                      1. Opening Pressure
                                                                      2. Blood Cultures
                                                                        1. Imaging
                                                                          1. Rapid Diagnostic Tests
                                                                          2. Management
                                                                            1. Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
                                                                              1. Pathogen-Specific Therapy
                                                                                1. Adjunctive Corticosteroids
                                                                                  1. Supportive Care
                                                                                    1. Complications Management
                                                                                    2. Complications
                                                                                      1. Cerebral Edema
                                                                                        1. Hydrocephalus
                                                                                          1. Seizures
                                                                                            1. Stroke
                                                                                              1. Hearing Loss
                                                                                                1. Cognitive Impairment
                                                                                                2. Prevention
                                                                                                  1. Vaccination
                                                                                                    1. Chemoprophylaxis
                                                                                                  2. Chronic Bacterial Meningitis
                                                                                                    1. Tuberculous Meningitis
                                                                                                      1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                        1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                          1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                            1. Management
                                                                                                            2. Other Chronic Bacterial Infections
                                                                                                            3. Brain Abscess
                                                                                                              1. Epidemiology
                                                                                                                1. Risk Factors
                                                                                                                  1. Contiguous Spread
                                                                                                                    1. Hematogenous Spread
                                                                                                                      1. Direct Inoculation
                                                                                                                        1. Immunocompromised States
                                                                                                                        2. Common Pathogens
                                                                                                                          1. Streptococci
                                                                                                                            1. Staphylococci
                                                                                                                              1. Anaerobes
                                                                                                                                1. Gram-Negative Bacteria
                                                                                                                                2. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                  1. Stages of Abscess Formation
                                                                                                                                    1. Cerebritis
                                                                                                                                      1. Capsule Formation
                                                                                                                                      2. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                        1. Symptoms
                                                                                                                                          1. Signs of Increased ICP
                                                                                                                                            1. Focal Neurological Deficits
                                                                                                                                            2. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                              1. Neuroimaging
                                                                                                                                                1. CT Findings
                                                                                                                                                  1. MRI Findings
                                                                                                                                                  2. Microbiological Studies
                                                                                                                                                    1. Stereotactic Biopsy
                                                                                                                                                    2. Management
                                                                                                                                                      1. Antibiotic Therapy
                                                                                                                                                        1. Surgical Drainage
                                                                                                                                                          1. Supportive Care
                                                                                                                                                            1. Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                            2. Complications
                                                                                                                                                              1. Rupture
                                                                                                                                                                1. Mass Effect
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Seizures
                                                                                                                                                                2. Subdural Empyema
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Epidural Abscess
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Spinal Epidural Abscess
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cranial Epidural Abscess
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Viral Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Viral Meningitis
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Common Pathogens
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Enteroviruses
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Herpes Simplex Virus
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Varicella-Zoster Virus
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Epstein-Barr Virus
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cytomegalovirus
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. CSF Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. PCR Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Serology
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Supportive Care
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Antiviral Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Viral Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Complications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Varicella-Zoster Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Arboviral Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. West Nile Virus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Eastern Equine Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Japanese Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tick-Borne Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Rabies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Post-Infectious Encephalomyelitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Fungal Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cryptococcal Meningitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Risk Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. CSF Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Antigen Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Induction Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Consolidation Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Maintenance Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Candida CNS Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Aspergillus CNS Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mucormycosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Endemic Mycoses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Histoplasmosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Coccidioidomycosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Blastomycosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Parasitic Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Toxoplasmosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Risk Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Cysticercosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Neurocysticercosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Malaria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cerebral Malaria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Other Parasitic Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Amebic Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Echinococcosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Schistosomiasis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Prion Diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sporadic CJD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Familial CJD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Iatrogenic CJD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Variant CJD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Prion Protein
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Protein Misfolding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Neurodegeneration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Rapidly Progressive Dementia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Myoclonus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ataxia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Visual Disturbances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Clinical Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. EEG Findings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. CSF Biomarkers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. MRI Findings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Brain Biopsy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Supportive Care
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Infection Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Other Prion Diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fatal Familial Insomnia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Kuru
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Neurological Complications of Systemic Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Infective Endocarditis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Neurological Complications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Embolic Stroke
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mycotic Aneurysms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Meningitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. COVID-19 Neurological Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Encephalopathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stroke
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Seizures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Anosmia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Post-COVID Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Immunocompromised Patients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. HIV Encephalopathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Opportunistic Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Toxoplasmosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cryptococcal Meningitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. CMV Encephalitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Primary CNS Lymphoma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Peripheral Neuropathies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Transplant Recipients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Risk Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Common Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Management Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Cancer Patients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Neutropenic Patients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Common Pathogens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Management Strategies

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              11. Neuro-oncology