Molecular Biology

  1. Transcription
    1. Transcription Units
      1. Promoter Elements
        1. Core Promoter
          1. Regulatory Sequences
            1. Transcription Start Site
            2. Coding Sequences
              1. Termination Signals
              2. RNA Polymerases
                1. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase
                  1. Core Enzyme
                    1. Sigma Factors
                      1. Promoter Recognition
                      2. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
                        1. RNA Polymerase I
                          1. RNA Polymerase II
                            1. RNA Polymerase III
                              1. Promoter Specificity
                            2. Transcription Process
                              1. Initiation
                                1. Promoter Binding
                                  1. Open Complex Formation
                                    1. Transcription Bubble
                                      1. Promoter Clearance
                                      2. Elongation
                                        1. RNA Chain Growth
                                          1. Transcription Bubble Movement
                                            1. Pausing and Antitermination
                                            2. Termination
                                              1. Intrinsic Termination
                                                1. Rho-dependent Termination
                                                  1. Polyadenylation Signals
                                                2. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
                                                  1. 5' Capping
                                                    1. Cap Structure
                                                      1. Capping Enzymes
                                                        1. Cap Functions
                                                        2. 3' Polyadenylation
                                                          1. Polyadenylation Signals
                                                            1. Cleavage and Polyadenylation
                                                              1. Poly(A) Tail Functions
                                                              2. RNA Splicing
                                                                1. Intron and Exon Definition
                                                                  1. Splice Site Recognition
                                                                    1. Spliceosome Assembly
                                                                      1. Splicing Mechanism
                                                                        1. Alternative Splicing
                                                                          1. Exon Skipping
                                                                            1. Intron Retention
                                                                              1. Alternative 5' and 3' Sites
                                                                                1. Mutually Exclusive Exons
                                                                              2. RNA Editing
                                                                                1. C-to-U Editing
                                                                                  1. A-to-I Editing
                                                                                    1. Editing Mechanisms

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                                                                                5. DNA Replication

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                                                                                7. Translation