Plant Physiology

  1. Phloem Transport and Translocation
    1. Phloem Structure and Organization
      1. Sieve Tube Elements
        1. Cell Structure
          1. Enucleate Condition
            1. Reduced Organelles
              1. Specialized Cytoplasm
              2. Sieve Plates
                1. Pore Structure
                  1. Callose Deposition
                    1. Pore Diameter
                    2. Sieve Tube Continuity
                      1. End-to-End Connections
                        1. Pressure Transmission
                      2. Companion Cells
                        1. Metabolic Functions
                          1. High Metabolic Activity
                            1. Organelle Density
                              1. Enzyme Systems
                              2. Connection to Sieve Elements
                                1. Metabolic Support
                                2. Types of Companion Cells
                                  1. Ordinary Companion Cells
                                    1. Transfer Cells
                                      1. Intermediary Cells
                                    2. Phloem Parenchyma
                                      1. Storage Functions
                                        1. Metabolic Support
                                          1. Structural Role
                                          2. Phloem Fibers
                                            1. Mechanical Support
                                              1. Structural Organization
                                            2. Substances Transported in Phloem
                                              1. Carbohydrates
                                                1. Sucrose
                                                  1. Primary Transport Sugar
                                                    1. Concentration Gradients
                                                      1. Loading and Unloading
                                                      2. Other Sugars
                                                        1. Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides
                                                          1. Sugar Alcohols
                                                            1. Starch Derivatives
                                                          2. Nitrogenous Compounds
                                                            1. Amino Acids
                                                              1. Glutamine
                                                                1. Asparagine
                                                                  1. Other Amino Acids
                                                                  2. Proteins
                                                                    1. Specific Transport Proteins
                                                                      1. Signaling Proteins
                                                                      2. Nucleic Acids
                                                                        1. mRNA Transport
                                                                          1. siRNA Movement
                                                                        2. Hormones and Signaling Molecules
                                                                          1. Plant Hormones
                                                                            1. Auxin Transport
                                                                              1. Cytokinin Movement
                                                                                1. Other Hormones
                                                                                2. Signaling Compounds
                                                                                  1. Defense Signals
                                                                                    1. Developmental Signals
                                                                                  2. Minerals and Ions
                                                                                    1. Potassium
                                                                                      1. Phosphate
                                                                                        1. Other Mobile Nutrients
                                                                                      2. Pressure-Flow Hypothesis
                                                                                        1. Theoretical Framework
                                                                                          1. Münch Hypothesis
                                                                                            1. Mass Flow Theory
                                                                                              1. Pressure-Driven Transport
                                                                                              2. Source Regions
                                                                                                1. Photosynthetic Tissues
                                                                                                  1. Mature Leaves
                                                                                                    1. Green Stems
                                                                                                    2. Storage Tissues
                                                                                                      1. Mobilizing Reserves
                                                                                                        1. Seasonal Patterns
                                                                                                      2. Sink Regions
                                                                                                        1. Growing Tissues
                                                                                                          1. Meristems
                                                                                                            1. Developing Organs
                                                                                                            2. Storage Tissues
                                                                                                              1. Accumulating Reserves
                                                                                                                1. Seasonal Storage
                                                                                                                2. Reproductive Structures
                                                                                                                  1. Flowers
                                                                                                                    1. Fruits
                                                                                                                      1. Seeds
                                                                                                                    2. Phloem Loading
                                                                                                                      1. Apoplastic Loading
                                                                                                                        1. Sucrose Transporters
                                                                                                                          1. Energy Requirements
                                                                                                                            1. Concentration Against Gradient
                                                                                                                            2. Symplastic Loading
                                                                                                                              1. Plasmodesmatal Transport
                                                                                                                                1. Size Exclusion Limits
                                                                                                                                  1. Passive Movement
                                                                                                                                  2. Polymer Trapping
                                                                                                                                    1. Raffinose Synthesis
                                                                                                                                      1. Size Exclusion
                                                                                                                                    2. Phloem Unloading
                                                                                                                                      1. Symplastic Unloading
                                                                                                                                        1. Plasmodesmatal Connections
                                                                                                                                          1. Direct Transfer
                                                                                                                                          2. Apoplastic Unloading
                                                                                                                                            1. Transporter-Mediated
                                                                                                                                              1. Metabolic Control
                                                                                                                                              2. Post-Phloem Transport
                                                                                                                                                1. Short-Distance Movement
                                                                                                                                                  1. Cellular Uptake
                                                                                                                                                2. Turgor Pressure Gradients
                                                                                                                                                  1. Pressure Generation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Osmotic Effects
                                                                                                                                                      1. Water Uptake
                                                                                                                                                      2. Pressure Transmission
                                                                                                                                                        1. Bulk Flow
                                                                                                                                                          1. Resistance Factors
                                                                                                                                                          2. Pressure Relief
                                                                                                                                                            1. Unloading Processes
                                                                                                                                                              1. Water Removal
                                                                                                                                                          3. Source-Sink Relationships
                                                                                                                                                            1. Source-Sink Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                              1. Developmental Changes
                                                                                                                                                                1. Leaf Maturation
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Organ Development
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Environmental Effects
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Light Availability
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nutrient Status
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Seasonal Variations
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Growth Cycles
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Storage Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Allocation Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Partitioning Rules
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Proximity Effects
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sink Strength
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Competition Among Sinks
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Developmental Priority
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Metabolic Demand
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Regulation of Transport
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Source Activity
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Photosynthetic Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Loading Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Sink Activity
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Metabolic Demand
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Unloading Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Transport Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Phloem Development
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Conductivity Changes

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                                                                                                                                                                                        7. Respiration and Energy Metabolism

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                                                                                                                                                                                        9. Plant Growth and Development