Plant Physiology

  1. Plant Tissues and Organ Systems
    1. Tissue Organization Principles
      1. Tissue Definition and Classification
        1. Developmental Origin of Tissues
          1. Tissue Interactions
          2. Dermal Tissue System
            1. Epidermis
              1. Epidermal Cell Structure
                1. Cell Wall Characteristics
                  1. Protoplast Features
                  2. Cuticle
                    1. Composition
                      1. Cutin
                        1. Waxes
                        2. Functions
                          1. Water Loss Prevention
                            1. Protection
                          2. Stomata and Guard Cells
                            1. Stomatal Structure
                              1. Guard Cell Morphology
                                1. Stomatal Distribution
                                  1. Stomatal Development
                                  2. Trichomes
                                    1. Types and Morphology
                                      1. Functions
                                        1. Protection
                                          1. Secretion
                                            1. Absorption
                                        2. Periderm
                                          1. Cork Cells
                                            1. Structure and Properties
                                              1. Suberin Deposition
                                              2. Cork Cambium
                                                1. Meristematic Activity
                                                  1. Cell Division Patterns
                                                  2. Phelloderm
                                                    1. Structure and Function
                                                2. Ground Tissue System
                                                  1. Parenchyma
                                                    1. Cell Characteristics
                                                      1. Thin Cell Walls
                                                        1. Living Protoplasts
                                                        2. Functions
                                                          1. Storage
                                                            1. Photosynthesis
                                                              1. Secretion
                                                                1. Wound Healing
                                                                2. Specialized Types
                                                                  1. Chlorenchyma
                                                                    1. Aerenchyma
                                                                      1. Storage Parenchyma
                                                                    2. Collenchyma
                                                                      1. Cell Wall Structure
                                                                        1. Unevenly Thickened Walls
                                                                          1. Pectin and Cellulose Content
                                                                          2. Functions
                                                                            1. Flexible Support
                                                                              1. Growth Accommodation
                                                                              2. Distribution
                                                                                1. Growing Regions
                                                                                  1. Leaf Veins
                                                                                    1. Stem Cortex
                                                                                  2. Sclerenchyma
                                                                                    1. Fibers
                                                                                      1. Structure and Properties
                                                                                        1. Types
                                                                                          1. Bast Fibers
                                                                                            1. Wood Fibers
                                                                                          2. Sclereids
                                                                                            1. Structure and Properties
                                                                                              1. Types
                                                                                                1. Stone Cells
                                                                                                  1. Branched Sclereids
                                                                                                2. Functions
                                                                                                  1. Mechanical Support
                                                                                                    1. Protection
                                                                                                3. Vascular Tissue System
                                                                                                  1. Xylem
                                                                                                    1. Water-Conducting Elements
                                                                                                      1. Tracheids
                                                                                                        1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                          1. Pit Pairs
                                                                                                          2. Vessel Elements
                                                                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                              1. Perforation Plates
                                                                                                            2. Supporting Elements
                                                                                                              1. Xylem Parenchyma
                                                                                                                1. Living Cells
                                                                                                                  1. Storage Function
                                                                                                                  2. Xylem Fibers
                                                                                                                    1. Mechanical Support
                                                                                                                      1. Cell Wall Structure
                                                                                                                    2. Xylem Development
                                                                                                                      1. Primary Xylem
                                                                                                                        1. Secondary Xylem
                                                                                                                      2. Phloem
                                                                                                                        1. Conducting Elements
                                                                                                                          1. Sieve Tube Elements
                                                                                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                              1. Sieve Plates
                                                                                                                              2. Companion Cells
                                                                                                                                1. Metabolic Support
                                                                                                                                  1. Loading and Unloading
                                                                                                                                2. Supporting Elements
                                                                                                                                  1. Phloem Parenchyma
                                                                                                                                    1. Storage Function
                                                                                                                                      1. Metabolic Support
                                                                                                                                      2. Phloem Fibers
                                                                                                                                        1. Mechanical Support
                                                                                                                                      3. Phloem Development
                                                                                                                                        1. Primary Phloem
                                                                                                                                          1. Secondary Phloem

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                                                                                                                                    2. Plant Cell Structure and Function

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                                                                                                                                    4. Water Relations and Transport