Human Anatomy

  1. The Muscular System
    1. Overview of Muscle Tissues
      1. Types of Muscle Tissue
        1. Skeletal Muscle
          1. Cardiac Muscle
            1. Smooth Muscle
            2. Functions of Muscular System
              1. Movement
                1. Posture Maintenance
                  1. Heat Production
                    1. Joint Stabilization
                  2. Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
                    1. Connective Tissue Wrappings
                      1. Epimysium
                        1. Structure
                          1. Function
                          2. Perimysium
                            1. Structure
                              1. Function
                              2. Endomysium
                                1. Structure
                                  1. Function
                                2. Muscle Fiber (Cell) Anatomy
                                  1. Sarcolemma
                                    1. Structure
                                      1. Function
                                      2. Sarcoplasm
                                        1. Contents
                                          1. Function
                                          2. Myofibrils
                                            1. Structure
                                              1. Arrangement
                                              2. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
                                                1. Structure
                                                  1. Function
                                                  2. T Tubules
                                                    1. Structure
                                                      1. Function
                                                    2. Sarcomere Structure
                                                      1. Thick Filaments
                                                        1. Myosin
                                                          1. Structure
                                                          2. Thin Filaments
                                                            1. Actin
                                                              1. Tropomyosin
                                                                1. Troponin
                                                                2. Sarcomere Bands and Lines
                                                                  1. Z Discs
                                                                    1. M Line
                                                                      1. A Band
                                                                        1. I Band
                                                                          1. H Zone
                                                                        2. Neuromuscular Junction
                                                                          1. Structure
                                                                            1. Motor Neuron Terminal
                                                                              1. Synaptic Cleft
                                                                                1. Motor End Plate
                                                                                2. Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
                                                                                  1. Acetylcholine Release
                                                                                    1. Excitation-Contraction Coupling
                                                                                3. Muscle Attachments
                                                                                  1. Tendons
                                                                                    1. Structure
                                                                                      1. Function
                                                                                        1. Types
                                                                                        2. Aponeuroses
                                                                                          1. Structure
                                                                                            1. Function
                                                                                            2. Origins and Insertions
                                                                                              1. Origin Definition
                                                                                                1. Insertion Definition
                                                                                                  1. Movement Production
                                                                                                  2. Lever Systems
                                                                                                    1. First-Class Levers
                                                                                                      1. Second-Class Levers
                                                                                                        1. Third-Class Levers
                                                                                                          1. Mechanical Advantage
                                                                                                        2. Physiology of Muscle Contraction
                                                                                                          1. Sliding Filament Theory
                                                                                                            1. Mechanism
                                                                                                              1. Cross-Bridge Cycle
                                                                                                              2. Excitation-Contraction Coupling
                                                                                                                1. Action Potential Propagation
                                                                                                                  1. Calcium Release
                                                                                                                    1. Contraction Initiation
                                                                                                                    2. Muscle Twitch and Graded Responses
                                                                                                                      1. Single Twitch
                                                                                                                        1. Summation
                                                                                                                          1. Tetanus
                                                                                                                          2. Muscle Metabolism
                                                                                                                            1. ATP Sources
                                                                                                                              1. Phosphocreatine System
                                                                                                                                1. Glycolytic System
                                                                                                                                  1. Oxidative System
                                                                                                                                  2. Oxygen Debt
                                                                                                                                    1. Recovery Process
                                                                                                                                  3. Muscle Fatigue
                                                                                                                                    1. Causes
                                                                                                                                      1. Types
                                                                                                                                        1. Recovery
                                                                                                                                      2. Major Skeletal Muscles of the Body
                                                                                                                                        1. Muscles of the Head and Neck
                                                                                                                                          1. Muscles of Facial Expression
                                                                                                                                            1. Frontalis
                                                                                                                                              1. Orbicularis Oculi
                                                                                                                                                1. Orbicularis Oris
                                                                                                                                                  1. Zygomaticus
                                                                                                                                                    1. Buccinator
                                                                                                                                                    2. Muscles of Mastication
                                                                                                                                                      1. Masseter
                                                                                                                                                        1. Temporalis
                                                                                                                                                          1. Pterygoids
                                                                                                                                                          2. Muscles of Eye Movement
                                                                                                                                                            1. Extraocular Muscles
                                                                                                                                                              1. Superior Oblique
                                                                                                                                                                1. Inferior Oblique
                                                                                                                                                                2. Neck Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sternocleidomastoid
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Scalenes
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Platysma
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Muscles of the Trunk
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Thoracic Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Intercostal Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Diaphragm
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pectoralis Major
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pectoralis Minor
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Abdominal Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Rectus Abdominis
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. External Oblique
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Internal Oblique
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Transversus Abdominis
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Back Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Trapezius
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Latissimus Dorsi
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rhomboids
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Erector Spinae
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Muscles of the Upper Limb
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Shoulder Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Deltoid
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Rotator Cuff Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Supraspinatus
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Infraspinatus
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Teres Minor
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Subscapularis
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Arm Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Biceps Brachii
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Triceps Brachii
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Brachialis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Coracobrachialis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Forearm Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Anterior Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Flexor Carpi Radialis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Posterior Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Extensor Carpi Radialis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Extensor Digitorum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Hand Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Thenar Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hypothenar Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Interossei
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Muscles of the Lower Limb
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hip Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gluteus Maximus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gluteus Medius
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Gluteus Minimus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Iliopsoas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Thigh Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Anterior Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Quadriceps Femoris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Rectus Femoris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Vastus Lateralis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vastus Medialis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Vastus Intermedius
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Sartorius
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Posterior Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hamstrings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Biceps Femoris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Semitendinosus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Semimembranosus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Medial Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Adductor Magnus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Adductor Longus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Adductor Brevis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gracilis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Leg Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Anterior Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Tibialis Anterior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Extensor Digitorum Longus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Extensor Hallucis Longus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Posterior Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Gastrocnemius
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Soleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Tibialis Posterior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Lateral Compartment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fibularis Longus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fibularis Brevis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Foot Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Intrinsic Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Plantar Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Dorsal Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Muscle Disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Muscular Dystrophy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Progression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Myasthenia Gravis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cause
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Muscle Strain and Injury
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Grades of Strain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Prevention

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    6. The Nervous System