Environmental Biology

7.

Environmental Pollution

7.1.

7.1.1.

Pollutant Types

7.1.1.1.

Primary Pollutants

7.1.1.1.1.

Carbon Monoxide

7.1.1.1.2.

7.1.1.1.3.

Nitrogen Oxides

7.1.1.1.4.

Particulate Matter

7.1.1.1.5.

Volatile Organic Compounds

7.1.1.2.

Secondary Pollutants

7.1.1.2.1.

7.1.1.2.2.

7.1.1.2.3.

7.1.1.2.4.

Photochemical Smog

7.1.2.

Sources of Air Pollution

7.1.2.1.

7.1.2.2.

Stationary Sources

7.1.2.3.

7.1.2.4.

Natural Sources

7.1.3.

Atmospheric Processes

7.1.3.1.

Dispersion Patterns

7.1.3.2.

Inversion Layers

7.1.3.3.

Long-Range Transport

7.1.4.

Health and Environmental Effects

7.1.4.1.

Human Health Impacts

7.1.4.2.

Ecosystem Effects

7.1.4.3.

Material Damage

7.1.5.

Air Quality Management

7.1.5.1.

Monitoring Systems

7.1.5.2.

Emission Standards

7.1.5.3.

Control Technologies

7.2.

Water Pollution

7.2.1.

Pollutant Categories

7.2.1.1.

Organic Pollutants

7.2.1.1.1.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

7.2.1.1.2.

7.2.1.1.3.

7.2.1.2.

Inorganic Pollutants

7.2.1.2.1.

7.2.1.2.2.

Acids and Bases

7.2.1.2.3.

7.2.1.3.

Physical Pollutants

7.2.1.3.1.

Suspended Solids

7.2.1.3.2.

Thermal Pollution

7.2.1.3.3.

Radioactive Materials

7.2.2.

Pollution Sources

7.2.2.1.

7.2.2.2.

Non-point Sources

7.2.2.3.

Groundwater Contamination

7.2.3.

Aquatic Ecosystem Effects

7.2.3.1.

7.2.3.2.

Hypoxia and Dead Zones

7.2.3.3.

Bioaccumulation

7.2.3.4.

Habitat Degradation

7.2.4.

Water Quality Assessment

7.2.4.1.

Physical Parameters

7.2.4.2.

Chemical Parameters

7.2.4.3.

Biological Indicators

7.2.5.

Treatment Technologies

7.2.5.1.

Primary Treatment

7.2.5.2.

Secondary Treatment

7.2.5.3.

Tertiary Treatment

7.2.5.4.

Advanced Treatment

7.3.

7.3.1.

Contamination Sources

7.3.1.1.

Agricultural Chemicals

7.3.1.2.

Industrial Waste

7.3.1.3.

Mining Activities

7.3.1.4.

7.3.2.

Soil Degradation Processes

7.3.2.1.

7.3.2.2.

7.3.2.3.

7.3.2.4.

7.3.3.

Effects on Soil Organisms

7.3.4.

Remediation Techniques

7.3.4.1.

Physical Remediation

7.3.4.2.

Chemical Remediation

7.3.4.3.

Biological Remediation

7.4.

Noise Pollution

7.4.1.

Sources and Types

7.4.2.

Effects on Wildlife

7.4.3.

Human Health Impacts

7.4.4.

Control Measures

7.5.

Light Pollution

7.5.1.

Types of Light Pollution

7.5.2.

Effects on Ecosystems

7.5.3.

Astronomical Impacts

7.5.4.

Mitigation Strategies

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