Environmental Biology

4.

Population Ecology

4.1.

Population Characteristics

4.1.1.

Population Size

4.1.1.1.

4.1.1.2.

Estimation Techniques

4.1.1.3.

Sampling Strategies

4.1.2.

Population Density

4.1.2.1.

4.1.2.2.

Ecological Density

4.1.2.3.

Measurement Methods

4.1.3.

Population Distribution

4.1.3.1.

Spatial Patterns

4.1.3.1.1.

Random Distribution

4.1.3.1.2.

Uniform Distribution

4.1.3.1.3.

Clumped Distribution

4.1.3.2.

Factors Affecting Distribution

4.1.4.

Population Structure

4.1.4.1.

4.1.4.1.1.

4.1.4.1.2.

4.1.4.1.3.

Survivorship Curves

4.1.4.2.

4.1.4.3.

4.2.

Population Growth

4.2.1.

Exponential Growth

4.2.1.1.

Growth Rate Parameters

4.2.1.2.

J-shaped Curves

4.2.1.3.

Conditions for Exponential Growth

4.2.2.

Logistic Growth

4.2.2.1.

Carrying Capacity

4.2.2.2.

S-shaped Curves

4.2.2.3.

Logistic Equation

4.2.3.

Population Regulation

4.2.3.1.

Density-Dependent Factors

4.2.3.1.1.

Intraspecific Competition

4.2.3.1.2.

4.2.3.1.3.

4.2.3.1.4.

4.2.3.2.

Density-Independent Factors

4.2.3.2.1.

4.2.3.2.2.

Natural Disasters

4.2.3.2.3.

Human Activities

4.3.

Life History Strategies

4.3.1.

r-selected Species

4.3.1.1.

Characteristics

4.3.1.2.

Ecological Contexts

4.3.2.

K-selected Species

4.3.2.1.

Characteristics

4.3.2.2.

Ecological Contexts

4.3.3.

4.3.3.1.

Construction Methods

4.3.3.2.

Survivorship Analysis

4.3.3.3.

Reproductive Tables

4.4.

Metapopulation Dynamics

4.4.1.

Patch Occupancy Models

4.4.2.

Source-Sink Dynamics

4.4.3.

Colonization and Extinction

4.4.4.

Conservation Implications

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5. Community Ecology