Environmental Biology

  1. Community Ecology
    1. Community Structure
      1. Species Diversity
        1. Species Richness
          1. Species Evenness
            1. Diversity Indices
              1. Shannon-Weaver Index
                1. Simpson's Index
                  1. Rarefaction
                2. Dominance Patterns
                  1. Rank-Abundance Curves
                    1. Keystone Species
                      1. Foundation Species
                      2. Guild Structure
                        1. Functional Groups
                          1. Resource Partitioning
                            1. Niche Overlap
                          2. Species Interactions
                            1. Competition
                              1. Interspecific Competition
                                1. Competitive Exclusion
                                  1. Character Displacement
                                    1. Coexistence Mechanisms
                                    2. Predation
                                      1. Predator-Prey Dynamics
                                        1. Functional Responses
                                          1. Numerical Responses
                                            1. Predator Adaptations
                                              1. Prey Defenses
                                              2. Herbivory
                                                1. Plant-Herbivore Interactions
                                                  1. Plant Defenses
                                                    1. Herbivore Adaptations
                                                      1. Grazing Effects
                                                      2. Mutualism
                                                        1. Pollination
                                                          1. Seed Dispersal
                                                            1. Mycorrhizal Associations
                                                              1. Nitrogen Fixation
                                                              2. Parasitism
                                                                1. Host-Parasite Dynamics
                                                                  1. Parasite Life Cycles
                                                                    1. Disease Ecology
                                                                    2. Commensalism
                                                                      1. Examples and Mechanisms
                                                                        1. Ecological Significance
                                                                      2. Community Assembly
                                                                        1. Colonization Processes
                                                                          1. Priority Effects
                                                                            1. Assembly Rules
                                                                              1. Neutral Theory
                                                                              2. Community Stability
                                                                                1. Resistance
                                                                                  1. Resilience
                                                                                    1. Alternative Stable States
                                                                                      1. Disturbance-Diversity Relationships

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                                                                                    4. Population Ecology

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                                                                                    6. Human Population and Environmental Impact