Environmental Biology

3.

Biogeochemical Cycles

3.1.

3.1.1.

Carbon Reservoirs

3.1.1.1.

Atmospheric Carbon

3.1.1.2.

3.1.1.3.

Terrestrial Carbon

3.1.1.4.

Geological Carbon

3.1.2.

3.1.2.1.

3.1.2.2.

3.1.2.3.

3.1.2.4.

Ocean-Atmosphere Exchange

3.1.3.

3.1.3.1.

Fossil Fuel Combustion

3.1.3.2.

3.1.3.3.

Land Use Changes

3.1.3.4.

Industrial Processes

3.2.

3.2.1.

3.2.1.1.

Atmospheric Nitrogen

3.2.1.2.

Organic Nitrogen

3.2.1.3.

Inorganic Nitrogen

3.2.2.

Nitrogen Transformations

3.2.2.1.

Nitrogen Fixation

3.2.2.2.

3.2.2.3.

Denitrification

3.2.2.4.

3.2.3.

Human Alterations

3.2.3.1.

Fertilizer Production

3.2.3.2.

Agricultural Applications

3.2.3.3.

Fossil Fuel Combustion

3.3.

Phosphorus Cycle

3.3.1.

Phosphorus Sources

3.3.1.1.

Rock Weathering

3.3.1.2.

Marine Sediments

3.3.1.3.

Biological Uptake

3.3.2.

Phosphorus Limitations

3.3.2.1.

Terrestrial Systems

3.3.2.2.

Aquatic Systems

3.3.3.

3.3.3.1.

Mining Activities

3.3.3.2.

Agricultural Runoff

3.3.3.3.

3.4.

3.4.1.

Water Reservoirs

3.4.1.1.

3.4.1.2.

Ice Caps and Glaciers

3.4.1.3.

3.4.1.4.

3.4.1.5.

Atmospheric Water

3.4.2.

3.4.2.1.

3.4.2.2.

3.4.2.3.

3.4.2.4.

3.4.2.5.

3.4.3.

Human Modifications

3.4.3.1.

Dam Construction

3.4.3.2.

3.4.3.3.

3.4.3.4.

Climate Change Effects

3.5.

3.5.1.

Sulfur Reservoirs

3.5.2.

Sulfur Transformations

3.5.3.

Acid Rain Formation

3.6.

3.6.1.

Oxygen Production

3.6.2.

Oxygen Consumption

3.6.3.

Atmospheric Oxygen Levels

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