Environmental Biology

6.

Human Population and Environmental Impact

6.1.

Human Population Dynamics

6.1.1.

Population Growth History

6.1.1.1.

Pre-industrial Patterns

6.1.1.2.

Industrial Revolution Effects

6.1.1.3.

Modern Growth Trends

6.1.2.

Demographic Transition

6.1.2.1.

Stage 1: High Birth and Death Rates

6.1.2.2.

Stage 2: Declining Death Rates

6.1.2.3.

Stage 3: Declining Birth Rates

6.1.2.4.

Stage 4: Low Birth and Death Rates

6.1.2.5.

Stage 5: Population Decline

6.1.3.

Population Projections

6.1.3.1.

Global Projections

6.1.3.2.

Regional Variations

6.1.3.3.

Uncertainty Factors

6.1.4.

Age Structure Analysis

6.1.4.1.

Population Pyramids

6.1.4.2.

Dependency Ratios

6.1.4.3.

Demographic Momentum

6.2.

Environmental Impact Assessment

6.2.1.

6.2.1.1.

Population Component

6.2.1.2.

Affluence Component

6.2.1.3.

Technology Component

6.2.1.4.

Model Applications and Limitations

6.2.2.

Ecological Footprint

6.2.2.1.

Calculation Methods

6.2.2.2.

Bioproductive Land Categories

6.2.2.3.

Global and National Footprints

6.2.2.4.

Ecological Overshoot

6.2.3.

Carbon Footprint

6.2.3.1.

Individual Carbon Footprints

6.2.3.2.

National Carbon Footprints

6.2.3.3.

Reduction Strategies

6.2.4.

Water Footprint

6.2.4.1.

Blue Water Footprint

6.2.4.2.

Green Water Footprint

6.2.4.3.

Grey Water Footprint

6.3.

Carrying Capacity

6.3.1.

Theoretical Concepts

6.3.2.

Human Carrying Capacity Estimates

6.3.3.

Factors Affecting Carrying Capacity

6.3.3.1.

6.3.3.2.

Consumption Patterns

6.3.3.3.

Resource Availability

6.3.4.

Regional Variations

6.4.

6.4.1.

Urban Growth Patterns

6.4.2.

Environmental Impacts of Cities

6.4.3.

6.4.4.

Sustainable Urban Development

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