Comparative Animal Physiology and Anatomy

  1. Endocrine Systems and Chemical Signaling
    1. Principles of Chemical Communication
      1. Types of Chemical Signals
        1. Hormones
          1. Peptide Hormones
            1. Steroid Hormones
              1. Amino Acid Derivatives
              2. Pheromones
                1. Neurotransmitters
                  1. Local Chemical Mediators
                  2. Signal Transmission Modes
                    1. Endocrine Signaling
                      1. Paracrine Signaling
                        1. Autocrine Signaling
                          1. Synaptic Signaling
                          2. Receptor Mechanisms
                            1. Membrane Receptors
                              1. Intracellular Receptors
                                1. Signal Transduction
                              2. Invertebrate Endocrine Systems
                                1. Arthropod Hormonal Control
                                  1. Molting Hormones
                                    1. Ecdysone
                                      1. Prothoracicotropic Hormone
                                      2. Juvenile Hormone
                                        1. Metamorphosis Control
                                        2. Molluscan Endocrine Systems
                                          1. Annelid Hormonal Control
                                          2. Vertebrate Endocrine System
                                            1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
                                              1. Hypothalamus
                                                1. Releasing Hormones
                                                  1. Inhibiting Hormones
                                                  2. Anterior Pituitary
                                                    1. Tropic Hormones
                                                    2. Posterior Pituitary
                                                      1. Hormone Storage and Release
                                                    3. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
                                                      1. Thyroid Hormones
                                                        1. Metabolic Regulation
                                                          1. Development Control
                                                          2. Calcitonin
                                                            1. Parathyroid Hormone
                                                              1. Calcium Homeostasis
                                                            2. Adrenal Glands
                                                              1. Adrenal Cortex
                                                                1. Cortisol
                                                                  1. Aldosterone
                                                                  2. Adrenal Medulla
                                                                    1. Epinephrine
                                                                      1. Norepinephrine
                                                                    2. Pancreatic Islets
                                                                      1. Insulin
                                                                        1. Glucagon
                                                                          1. Blood Glucose Regulation
                                                                          2. Reproductive Endocrine Glands
                                                                            1. Gonads
                                                                              1. Sex Hormone Production
                                                                              2. Secondary Sexual Characteristics
                                                                            2. Hormonal Regulation of Physiological Processes
                                                                              1. Metabolic Regulation
                                                                                1. Energy Balance
                                                                                  1. Nutrient Storage
                                                                                  2. Growth and Development
                                                                                    1. Growth Hormone
                                                                                      1. Developmental Timing
                                                                                      2. Stress Response
                                                                                        1. Acute Stress
                                                                                          1. Chronic Stress
                                                                                          2. Reproductive Cycles
                                                                                            1. Seasonal Breeding
                                                                                              1. Reproductive Behavior

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                                                                                          7. Nervous Systems and Sensory Perception

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                                                                                          9. Movement and Musculoskeletal Systems