Comparative Animal Physiology and Anatomy

  1. Tissues and Integumentary Systems
    1. Major Tissue Types
      1. Epithelial Tissue
        1. Structure and Function
          1. Simple Epithelia
            1. Stratified Epithelia
              1. Specialized Epithelia
              2. Connective Tissue
                1. Loose Connective Tissue
                  1. Dense Connective Tissue
                    1. Cartilage
                      1. Bone
                        1. Blood
                          1. Functions and Locations
                          2. Muscle Tissue
                            1. Skeletal Muscle
                              1. Cardiac Muscle
                                1. Smooth Muscle
                                  1. Functional Differences
                                  2. Nervous Tissue
                                    1. Neurons
                                      1. Glial Cells
                                        1. Functional Organization
                                      2. Comparative Integumentary Systems
                                        1. Invertebrate Integuments
                                          1. Protozoan Pellicle
                                            1. Structure and Function
                                            2. Cnidarian Epidermis
                                              1. Cnidocytes and Protection
                                              2. Arthropod Cuticle and Exoskeleton
                                                1. Chitin Structure
                                                  1. Molting Process
                                                    1. Sclerotization
                                                    2. Molluscan Mantle and Shell
                                                      1. Shell Formation
                                                        1. Mantle Function
                                                          1. Shell Types
                                                          2. Annelid Cuticle
                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                          3. Vertebrate Integuments
                                                            1. Basic Skin Structure
                                                              1. Epidermis
                                                                1. Layers and Cell Types
                                                                  1. Keratinization
                                                                  2. Dermis
                                                                    1. Connective Tissue Organization
                                                                      1. Blood Supply
                                                                        1. Nerve Supply
                                                                        2. Hypodermis
                                                                          1. Fat Storage and Insulation
                                                                        3. Integumentary Derivatives
                                                                          1. Scales
                                                                            1. Fish Scales
                                                                              1. Placoid Scales
                                                                                1. Ganoid Scales
                                                                                  1. Ctenoid and Cycloid Scales
                                                                                  2. Reptilian Scales
                                                                                    1. Structure and Function
                                                                                  3. Feathers
                                                                                    1. Structure and Development
                                                                                      1. Types of Feathers
                                                                                        1. Functions Beyond Flight
                                                                                        2. Hair and Fur
                                                                                          1. Structure and Growth Cycle
                                                                                            1. Types and Functions
                                                                                            2. Glands
                                                                                              1. Sweat Glands
                                                                                                1. Eccrine Glands
                                                                                                  1. Apocrine Glands
                                                                                                  2. Sebaceous Glands
                                                                                                    1. Mucous Glands
                                                                                                      1. Specialized Glands
                                                                                                2. Functions of Integumentary Systems
                                                                                                  1. Protection
                                                                                                    1. Thermoregulation
                                                                                                      1. Sensory Reception
                                                                                                        1. Excretion
                                                                                                          1. Communication and Display

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                                                                                                        1. Foundational Principles of Animal Form and Function

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                                                                                                        3. Nutrition and Digestion