Botany (Plant Biology)

  1. Plant Tissues and Tissue Systems
    1. Meristematic Tissues
      1. Characteristics of Meristematic Cells
        1. Small Size
          1. Dense Cytoplasm
            1. Large Nucleus
              1. Thin Cell Walls
              2. Apical Meristems
                1. Root Apical Meristem
                  1. Location and Function
                    1. Root Cap Formation
                    2. Shoot Apical Meristem
                      1. Location and Function
                        1. Leaf and Stem Formation
                      2. Lateral Meristems
                        1. Vascular Cambium
                          1. Secondary Xylem Production
                            1. Secondary Phloem Production
                            2. Cork Cambium
                              1. Periderm Formation
                                1. Cork Cell Production
                              2. Intercalary Meristems
                                1. Location and Function
                                  1. Role in Grass Growth
                                2. Permanent Tissues
                                  1. Simple Tissues
                                    1. Parenchyma
                                      1. Structure and Functions
                                        1. Types
                                          1. Aerenchyma
                                            1. Chlorenchyma
                                              1. Storage Parenchyma
                                            2. Collenchyma
                                              1. Structure and Functions
                                                1. Location in Plant Body
                                                2. Sclerenchyma
                                                  1. Fibers
                                                    1. Structure and Function
                                                      1. Types
                                                      2. Sclereids
                                                        1. Structure and Function
                                                          1. Types
                                                      3. Complex Tissues
                                                        1. Xylem
                                                          1. Tracheids
                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                              1. Water Transport
                                                              2. Vessel Elements
                                                                1. Structure and Function
                                                                  1. Perforation Plates
                                                                  2. Xylem Fibers
                                                                    1. Xylem Parenchyma
                                                                    2. Phloem
                                                                      1. Sieve Tube Elements
                                                                        1. Structure and Function
                                                                          1. Sieve Plates
                                                                          2. Companion Cells
                                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                                              1. Metabolic Support
                                                                              2. Phloem Fibers
                                                                                1. Phloem Parenchyma
                                                                            2. Tissue Systems
                                                                              1. Dermal Tissue System
                                                                                1. Epidermis
                                                                                  1. Cuticle
                                                                                    1. Composition and Function
                                                                                      1. Waxy Layer
                                                                                      2. Trichomes
                                                                                        1. Types and Functions
                                                                                          1. Glandular and Non-glandular
                                                                                          2. Guard Cells and Stomata
                                                                                            1. Structure and Function
                                                                                              1. Gas Exchange Regulation
                                                                                            2. Periderm
                                                                                              1. Cork Cells
                                                                                                1. Phelloderm
                                                                                                  1. Lenticels
                                                                                                2. Ground Tissue System
                                                                                                  1. Cortex
                                                                                                    1. Location and Function
                                                                                                      1. Storage and Support
                                                                                                      2. Pith
                                                                                                        1. Location and Function
                                                                                                          1. Storage Function
                                                                                                          2. Mesophyll
                                                                                                            1. Palisade Mesophyll
                                                                                                              1. Spongy Mesophyll
                                                                                                            2. Vascular Tissue System
                                                                                                              1. Arrangement in Roots
                                                                                                                1. Arrangement in Stems
                                                                                                                  1. Arrangement in Leaves

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                                                                                                              2. The Plant Cell

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                                                                                                              4. Plant Anatomy: The Organs