Neurobiology

  1. Action Potentials and Electrical Signaling
    1. Action Potential Properties
      1. Threshold Potential
        1. All-or-None Principle
          1. Amplitude and Duration
            1. Overshoot
              1. Afterhyperpolarization
              2. Ionic Mechanisms
                1. Depolarization Phase
                  1. Sodium Channel Activation
                    1. Positive Feedback
                    2. Repolarization Phase
                      1. Sodium Channel Inactivation
                        1. Potassium Channel Activation
                        2. Hyperpolarization Phase
                          1. Delayed Potassium Current
                            1. Sodium-Potassium Pump Activity
                          2. Refractory Periods
                            1. Absolute Refractory Period
                              1. Sodium Channel Inactivation
                                1. Physiological Significance
                                2. Relative Refractory Period
                                  1. Partial Recovery
                                    1. Elevated Threshold
                                  2. Action Potential Propagation
                                    1. Local Current Flow
                                      1. Continuous Conduction
                                        1. Conduction Velocity Factors
                                          1. Cable Properties
                                          2. Saltatory Conduction
                                            1. Nodes of Ranvier
                                              1. Myelin Sheath Function
                                                1. Conduction Velocity Enhancement
                                                2. Factors Affecting Conduction
                                                  1. Axon Diameter
                                                    1. Myelination
                                                      1. Temperature
                                                        1. Extracellular Ion Concentrations
                                                      2. Graded Potentials
                                                        1. Generator Potentials
                                                          1. Synaptic Potentials
                                                            1. Electrotonic Spread
                                                              1. Summation Properties

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                                                            2. Cellular and Molecular Foundations

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                                                            4. Synaptic Transmission