Neurobiology

  1. Emotion and Motivation
    1. Limbic System
      1. Anatomical Components
        1. Hippocampus
          1. Amygdala
            1. Cingulate Cortex
              1. Hypothalamus
                1. Septal Nuclei
                2. Functional Connections
                  1. Papez Circuit
                    1. Extended Amygdala
                  2. Emotion Processing
                    1. Amygdala Function
                      1. Fear Processing
                        1. Threat Detection
                          1. Emotional Memory
                            1. Social Emotions
                            2. Prefrontal Regulation
                              1. Emotion Regulation
                                1. Cognitive Reappraisal
                                  1. Impulse Control
                                  2. Insula
                                    1. Interoception
                                      1. Emotional Awareness
                                        1. Empathy
                                      2. Reward and Motivation
                                        1. Dopamine Systems
                                          1. Mesolimbic Pathway
                                            1. Mesocortical Pathway
                                              1. Nigrostriatal Pathway
                                              2. Reward Processing
                                                1. Reward Prediction Error
                                                  1. Incentive Salience
                                                    1. Hedonic Impact
                                                    2. Addiction Mechanisms
                                                      1. Neuroadaptation
                                                        1. Tolerance and Withdrawal
                                                          1. Relapse Mechanisms
                                                        2. Stress Response
                                                          1. HPA Axis
                                                            1. Stress Hormone Release
                                                              1. Negative Feedback
                                                              2. Neural Stress Circuits
                                                                1. Stress-Responsive Regions
                                                                  1. Chronic Stress Effects
                                                                  2. Stress and Memory
                                                                    1. Stress Hormone Effects
                                                                      1. Memory Consolidation
                                                                        1. Memory Retrieval

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                                                                    10. Higher Cognitive Functions

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                                                                    12. Pathophysiology and Disorders