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Biology
Neurobiology/Neuroscience
Neurobiology
1. Introduction to Neurobiology
2. Cellular and Molecular Foundations
3. Action Potentials and Electrical Signaling
4. Synaptic Transmission
5. Nervous System Development
6. Sensory Systems
7. Motor Systems
8. Regulatory and Integrative Systems
9. Learning, Memory, and Plasticity
10. Higher Cognitive Functions
11. Emotion and Motivation
12. Pathophysiology and Disorders
13. Research Methods and Techniques
11.
Emotion and Motivation
11.1.
Limbic System
11.1.1.
Anatomical Components
11.1.1.1.
Hippocampus
11.1.1.2.
Amygdala
11.1.1.3.
Cingulate Cortex
11.1.1.4.
Hypothalamus
11.1.1.5.
Septal Nuclei
11.1.2.
Functional Connections
11.1.2.1.
Papez Circuit
11.1.2.2.
Extended Amygdala
11.2.
Emotion Processing
11.2.1.
Amygdala Function
11.2.1.1.
Fear Processing
11.2.1.2.
Threat Detection
11.2.1.3.
Emotional Memory
11.2.1.4.
Social Emotions
11.2.2.
Prefrontal Regulation
11.2.2.1.
Emotion Regulation
11.2.2.2.
Cognitive Reappraisal
11.2.2.3.
Impulse Control
11.2.3.
Insula
11.2.3.1.
Interoception
11.2.3.2.
Emotional Awareness
11.2.3.3.
Empathy
11.3.
Reward and Motivation
11.3.1.
Dopamine Systems
11.3.1.1.
Mesolimbic Pathway
11.3.1.2.
Mesocortical Pathway
11.3.1.3.
Nigrostriatal Pathway
11.3.2.
Reward Processing
11.3.2.1.
Reward Prediction Error
11.3.2.2.
Incentive Salience
11.3.2.3.
Hedonic Impact
11.3.3.
Addiction Mechanisms
11.3.3.1.
Neuroadaptation
11.3.3.2.
Tolerance and Withdrawal
11.3.3.3.
Relapse Mechanisms
11.4.
Stress Response
11.4.1.
HPA Axis
11.4.1.1.
Stress Hormone Release
11.4.1.2.
Negative Feedback
11.4.2.
Neural Stress Circuits
11.4.2.1.
Stress-Responsive Regions
11.4.2.2.
Chronic Stress Effects
11.4.3.
Stress and Memory
11.4.3.1.
Stress Hormone Effects
11.4.3.2.
Memory Consolidation
11.4.3.3.
Memory Retrieval
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12. Pathophysiology and Disorders