Neurobiology

  1. Cellular and Molecular Foundations
    1. Neurons
      1. Neuronal Structure
        1. Cell Body (Soma)
          1. Nucleus and Genetic Material
            1. Endoplasmic Reticulum
              1. Golgi Apparatus
                1. Mitochondria
                  1. Nissl Bodies
                    1. Cytoskeleton
                    2. Dendrites
                      1. Dendritic Tree Architecture
                        1. Dendritic Spines
                          1. Spine Types and Morphology
                            1. Dendritic Integration
                            2. Axon
                              1. Axon Hillock
                                1. Initial Segment
                                  1. Axon Shaft
                                    1. Axon Terminals
                                      1. Synaptic Boutons
                                      2. Axonal Transport
                                        1. Fast Anterograde Transport
                                          1. Slow Anterograde Transport
                                            1. Retrograde Transport
                                              1. Motor Proteins
                                            2. Neuronal Classification
                                              1. Structural Classification
                                                1. Unipolar Neurons
                                                  1. Bipolar Neurons
                                                    1. Multipolar Neurons
                                                      1. Pseudounipolar Neurons
                                                      2. Functional Classification
                                                        1. Sensory Neurons
                                                          1. Motor Neurons
                                                            1. Interneurons
                                                            2. Neurotransmitter Classification
                                                              1. Cholinergic Neurons
                                                                1. Glutamatergic Neurons
                                                                  1. GABAergic Neurons
                                                                    1. Dopaminergic Neurons
                                                                      1. Serotonergic Neurons
                                                                        1. Noradrenergic Neurons
                                                                    2. Glial Cells
                                                                      1. Astrocytes
                                                                        1. Morphology and Distribution
                                                                          1. Structural Support Functions
                                                                            1. Blood-Brain Barrier Formation
                                                                              1. Neurotransmitter Uptake
                                                                                1. Metabolic Support
                                                                                  1. Synaptic Modulation
                                                                                    1. Calcium Signaling
                                                                                    2. Oligodendrocytes
                                                                                      1. CNS Myelination
                                                                                        1. Myelin Sheath Formation
                                                                                          1. Metabolic Support of Axons
                                                                                            1. Remyelination Capacity
                                                                                            2. Schwann Cells
                                                                                              1. PNS Myelination
                                                                                                1. Nerve Regeneration Support
                                                                                                  1. Trophic Factor Production
                                                                                                  2. Microglia
                                                                                                    1. Immune Surveillance
                                                                                                      1. Phagocytic Function
                                                                                                        1. Inflammatory Responses
                                                                                                          1. Synaptic Pruning
                                                                                                            1. Neuroprotection
                                                                                                            2. Ependymal Cells
                                                                                                              1. Ventricular Lining
                                                                                                                1. CSF Production
                                                                                                                  1. CSF Circulation
                                                                                                                    1. Neural Stem Cell Niche
                                                                                                                  2. Membrane Properties
                                                                                                                    1. Cell Membrane Structure
                                                                                                                      1. Phospholipid Bilayer
                                                                                                                        1. Membrane Proteins
                                                                                                                          1. Cholesterol Content
                                                                                                                            1. Membrane Fluidity
                                                                                                                            2. Electrical Properties
                                                                                                                              1. Membrane Capacitance
                                                                                                                                1. Membrane Resistance
                                                                                                                                  1. Time Constants
                                                                                                                                    1. Length Constants
                                                                                                                                    2. Ion Distribution
                                                                                                                                      1. Sodium Gradient
                                                                                                                                        1. Potassium Gradient
                                                                                                                                          1. Chloride Gradient
                                                                                                                                            1. Calcium Gradient
                                                                                                                                            2. Equilibrium Potentials
                                                                                                                                              1. Nernst Equation
                                                                                                                                                1. Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Driving Forces
                                                                                                                                                  2. Resting Membrane Potential
                                                                                                                                                    1. Sodium-Potassium Pump
                                                                                                                                                      1. Leak Channels
                                                                                                                                                        1. Membrane Permeability
                                                                                                                                                          1. Steady-State Conditions
                                                                                                                                                        2. Ion Channels
                                                                                                                                                          1. Channel Structure
                                                                                                                                                            1. Pore-Forming Subunits
                                                                                                                                                              1. Auxiliary Subunits
                                                                                                                                                                1. Selectivity Filter
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gating Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Voltage-Gated Channels
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sodium Channels
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Channel Subtypes
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Activation Kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Inactivation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pharmacology
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Potassium Channels
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Delayed Rectifier Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                1. A-Type Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Calcium-Activated Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Inward Rectifier Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Calcium Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. L-Type Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. N-Type Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. P/Q-Type Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. T-Type Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Chloride Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Voltage-Gated Chloride Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Ligand-Gated Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ionotropic Neurotransmitter Receptors
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Intracellular Ligand-Gated Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Mechanosensitive Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stretch-Activated Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Mechanotransduction Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Leak Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Potassium Leak Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sodium Leak Channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mixed Cation Channels

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                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Introduction to Neurobiology

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                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Action Potentials and Electrical Signaling