UsefulLinks
Biology
Anatomy and Physiology
Muscle Physiology
1. Introduction to Muscle Tissue
2. Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
3. The Sarcomere
4. The Neuromuscular Junction
5. Excitation-Contraction Coupling
6. The Sliding Filament Mechanism
7. Muscle Relaxation
8. Mechanics of Muscle Contraction
9. Muscle Metabolism and Energetics
10. Muscle Fatigue
11. Muscle Fiber Types
12. Exercise Adaptations
13. Smooth Muscle Physiology
14. Cardiac Muscle Physiology
13.
Smooth Muscle Physiology
13.1.
Structural Organization
13.1.1.
Cell Morphology
13.1.1.1.
Spindle Shape
13.1.1.2.
Single Nucleus
13.1.1.3.
Cell Size Variations
13.1.2.
Contractile Apparatus
13.1.2.1.
Actin and Myosin Organization
13.1.2.2.
Dense Bodies
13.1.2.3.
Intermediate Filaments
13.1.3.
Membrane Systems
13.1.3.1.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
13.1.3.2.
Caveolae
13.1.3.3.
Gap Junctions
13.2.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
13.2.1.
Calcium Sources
13.2.1.1.
Extracellular Calcium
13.2.1.2.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
13.2.2.
Calcium-Calmodulin System
13.2.2.1.
Calmodulin Binding
13.2.2.2.
Conformational Changes
13.2.3.
Myosin Light Chain Kinase
13.2.3.1.
Activation Mechanism
13.2.3.2.
Phosphorylation Process
13.2.4.
Cross-bridge Cycling
13.2.4.1.
Phosphorylation-dependent
13.2.4.2.
Latch State Mechanism
13.3.
Types of Smooth Muscle
13.3.1.
Single-unit Smooth Muscle
13.3.1.1.
Electrical Coupling
13.3.1.2.
Synchronized Contraction
13.3.1.3.
Pacemaker Activity
13.3.2.
Multi-unit Smooth Muscle
13.3.2.1.
Independent Control
13.3.2.2.
Neural Innervation
13.3.2.3.
Precise Control
13.4.
Regulation of Contraction
13.4.1.
Autonomic Nervous System
13.4.1.1.
Sympathetic Effects
13.4.1.2.
Parasympathetic Effects
13.4.1.3.
Neurotransmitters
13.4.2.
Hormonal Control
13.4.2.1.
Circulating Hormones
13.4.2.2.
Local Hormones
13.4.3.
Local Factors
13.4.3.1.
Mechanical Stretch
13.4.3.2.
Chemical Environment
13.4.3.3.
Paracrine Signals
13.5.
Functional Properties
13.5.1.
Slow Contraction Speed
13.5.2.
Sustained Contractions
13.5.3.
Low Energy Requirements
13.5.4.
Plasticity and Adaptation
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12. Exercise Adaptations
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14. Cardiac Muscle Physiology