Microbiology

  1. Microbial Genetics
    1. Genetic Material Organization
      1. Bacterial Chromosome
        1. Circular DNA
          1. Nucleoid Structure
            1. Supercoiling
              1. Gene Organization
              2. Plasmids
                1. Autonomous Replication
                  1. Plasmid Types
                    1. Fertility Plasmids
                      1. Resistance Plasmids
                        1. Virulence Plasmids
                        2. Copy Number
                          1. Incompatibility Groups
                          2. Information Flow
                            1. Central Dogma
                              1. DNA to RNA to Protein
                                1. Genetic Code
                              2. DNA Replication
                                1. Replication Machinery
                                  1. DNA Polymerases
                                    1. Helicase
                                      1. Primase
                                        1. Ligase
                                        2. Replication Process
                                          1. Origin of Replication
                                            1. Bidirectional Replication
                                              1. Leading and Lagging Strands
                                                1. Okazaki Fragments
                                                2. Fidelity Mechanisms
                                                  1. Proofreading
                                                    1. Mismatch Repair
                                                      1. Error Rates
                                                    2. Gene Expression
                                                      1. Transcription
                                                        1. RNA Polymerase
                                                          1. Promoter Recognition
                                                            1. Transcription Initiation
                                                              1. Elongation
                                                                1. Termination
                                                                2. Translation
                                                                  1. Ribosome Structure
                                                                    1. Transfer RNA
                                                                      1. Genetic Code
                                                                        1. Protein Synthesis Steps
                                                                          1. Initiation
                                                                            1. Elongation
                                                                              1. Termination
                                                                            2. Post-Transcriptional Modifications
                                                                              1. RNA Processing
                                                                                1. Ribosomal RNA
                                                                                  1. Transfer RNA
                                                                                2. Gene Regulation
                                                                                  1. Transcriptional Control
                                                                                    1. Positive Regulation
                                                                                      1. Negative Regulation
                                                                                        1. Regulatory Proteins
                                                                                        2. Operon Systems
                                                                                          1. Lac Operon
                                                                                            1. Inducible System
                                                                                              1. Catabolite Repression
                                                                                              2. Trp Operon
                                                                                                1. Repressible System
                                                                                                  1. Attenuation
                                                                                                2. Global Regulation
                                                                                                  1. Catabolite Repression
                                                                                                    1. Stringent Response
                                                                                                      1. Two-Component Systems
                                                                                                    2. Mutations
                                                                                                      1. Mutation Types
                                                                                                        1. Point Mutations
                                                                                                          1. Silent Mutations
                                                                                                            1. Missense Mutations
                                                                                                              1. Nonsense Mutations
                                                                                                              2. Frameshift Mutations
                                                                                                                1. Insertions
                                                                                                                  1. Deletions
                                                                                                                  2. Chromosomal Mutations
                                                                                                                    1. Inversions
                                                                                                                      1. Translocations
                                                                                                                    2. Mutagenic Agents
                                                                                                                      1. Chemical Mutagens
                                                                                                                        1. Base Analogs
                                                                                                                          1. Alkylating Agents
                                                                                                                            1. Intercalating Agents
                                                                                                                            2. Physical Mutagens
                                                                                                                              1. Ultraviolet Radiation
                                                                                                                                1. Ionizing Radiation
                                                                                                                              2. Mutation Detection
                                                                                                                                1. Positive Selection
                                                                                                                                  1. Negative Selection
                                                                                                                                    1. Replica Plating
                                                                                                                                    2. DNA Repair
                                                                                                                                      1. Excision Repair
                                                                                                                                        1. Mismatch Repair
                                                                                                                                          1. SOS Response
                                                                                                                                        2. Genetic Exchange
                                                                                                                                          1. Transformation
                                                                                                                                            1. Natural Competence
                                                                                                                                              1. Artificial Competence
                                                                                                                                                1. DNA Uptake
                                                                                                                                                2. Conjugation
                                                                                                                                                  1. F Plasmid Transfer
                                                                                                                                                    1. Hfr Strains
                                                                                                                                                      1. Chromosome Mobilization
                                                                                                                                                        1. Pilus Formation
                                                                                                                                                        2. Transduction
                                                                                                                                                          1. Generalized Transduction
                                                                                                                                                            1. Specialized Transduction
                                                                                                                                                              1. Bacteriophage Vectors
                                                                                                                                                              2. Transposition
                                                                                                                                                                1. Transposable Elements
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Insertion Sequences
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Composite Transposons

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                                                                                                                                                                6. Microbial Growth Control

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                                                                                                                                                                8. Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA