Microbiology

  1. Microbial Metabolism
    1. Enzymatic Foundations
      1. Enzyme Structure and Function
        1. Protein Components
          1. Active Sites
            1. Cofactors and Coenzymes
              1. Catalytic Mechanisms
              2. Enzyme Regulation
                1. Temperature Effects
                  1. pH Optimization
                    1. Substrate Concentration
                      1. Competitive Inhibition
                        1. Noncompetitive Inhibition
                          1. Allosteric Regulation
                          2. Metabolic Pathways
                            1. Anabolic Pathways
                              1. Catabolic Pathways
                                1. Amphibolic Pathways
                                  1. Pathway Integration
                                2. Energy Conservation
                                  1. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
                                    1. Electron Transfer
                                      1. Reduction Potentials
                                        1. Electron Carriers
                                          1. NAD+/NADH
                                            1. FAD/FADH2
                                              1. Cytochromes
                                            2. ATP Generation Mechanisms
                                              1. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
                                                1. Oxidative Phosphorylation
                                                  1. Photophosphorylation
                                                    1. Chemiosmotic Theory
                                                  2. Carbohydrate Catabolism
                                                    1. Glycolysis
                                                      1. Glucose Activation
                                                        1. Energy Investment Phase
                                                          1. Energy Payoff Phase
                                                            1. Net ATP Production
                                                              1. Pyruvate Formation
                                                              2. Alternative Glucose Pathways
                                                                1. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
                                                                  1. Oxidative Phase
                                                                    1. Non-oxidative Phase
                                                                      1. NADPH Production
                                                                      2. Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
                                                                        1. Bacterial Specialization
                                                                          1. Pathway Steps
                                                                        2. Cellular Respiration
                                                                          1. Pyruvate Oxidation
                                                                            1. Citric Acid Cycle
                                                                              1. Acetyl-CoA Formation
                                                                                1. Cycle Intermediates
                                                                                  1. Energy Harvest
                                                                                    1. Biosynthetic Precursors
                                                                                    2. Electron Transport Chain
                                                                                      1. Membrane Complexes
                                                                                        1. Proton Pumping
                                                                                          1. Oxygen Reduction
                                                                                          2. Aerobic Respiration
                                                                                            1. Complete Oxidation
                                                                                              1. Maximum ATP Yield
                                                                                              2. Anaerobic Respiration
                                                                                                1. Alternative Electron Acceptors
                                                                                                  1. Nitrate Reduction
                                                                                                    1. Sulfate Reduction
                                                                                                  2. Fermentation
                                                                                                    1. Incomplete Oxidation
                                                                                                      1. NAD+ Regeneration
                                                                                                        1. Fermentation Types
                                                                                                          1. Alcoholic Fermentation
                                                                                                            1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
                                                                                                              1. Mixed Acid Fermentation
                                                                                                                1. Butyric Acid Fermentation
                                                                                                                2. Industrial Applications
                                                                                                              2. Lipid and Protein Catabolism
                                                                                                                1. Lipid Breakdown
                                                                                                                  1. Beta-Oxidation
                                                                                                                    1. Fatty Acid Degradation
                                                                                                                      1. Acetyl-CoA Production
                                                                                                                      2. Protein Catabolism
                                                                                                                        1. Deamination Reactions
                                                                                                                          1. Amino Acid Degradation
                                                                                                                            1. Carbon Skeleton Utilization
                                                                                                                          2. Photosynthesis
                                                                                                                            1. Light-Dependent Reactions
                                                                                                                              1. Photosystem Function
                                                                                                                                1. Electron Transport
                                                                                                                                  1. ATP and NADPH Formation
                                                                                                                                  2. Light-Independent Reactions
                                                                                                                                    1. Carbon Dioxide Fixation
                                                                                                                                      1. Calvin-Benson Cycle
                                                                                                                                        1. Glucose Synthesis
                                                                                                                                      2. Metabolic Diversity
                                                                                                                                        1. Nutritional Classifications
                                                                                                                                          1. Carbon Source Requirements
                                                                                                                                            1. Autotrophs
                                                                                                                                              1. Heterotrophs
                                                                                                                                              2. Energy Source Requirements
                                                                                                                                                1. Phototrophs
                                                                                                                                                  1. Chemotrophs
                                                                                                                                                  2. Combined Classifications
                                                                                                                                                    1. Photoautotrophs
                                                                                                                                                      1. Photoheterotrophs
                                                                                                                                                        1. Chemoautotrophs
                                                                                                                                                          1. Chemoheterotrophs
                                                                                                                                                        2. Biosynthetic Pathways
                                                                                                                                                          1. Carbohydrate Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                            1. Gluconeogenesis
                                                                                                                                                              1. Polysaccharide Formation
                                                                                                                                                              2. Lipid Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                1. Fatty Acid Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Membrane Lipid Formation
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Amino Acid Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Essential Amino Acids
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Biosynthetic Families
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Nucleotide Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Purine Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pyrimidine Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Protein Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Translation Process
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Post-translational Modifications

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                                                                                                                                                                        3. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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                                                                                                                                                                        5. Microbial Growth