Microbiology

15.

Immune System Function

15.1.

Innate Immunity

15.1.1.

First Line Defenses

15.1.1.1.

Physical Barriers

15.1.1.1.1.

15.1.1.1.2.

Mucous Membranes

15.1.1.1.3.

15.1.1.2.

Chemical Barriers

15.1.1.2.1.

Antimicrobial Secretions

15.1.1.2.2.

15.1.1.2.3.

Antimicrobial Peptides

15.1.1.3.

Normal Microbiota

15.1.1.3.1.

Competitive Exclusion

15.1.1.3.2.

Colonization Resistance

15.1.2.

Second Line Defenses

15.1.2.1.

Cellular Components

15.1.2.1.1.

15.1.2.1.2.

15.1.2.1.3.

Dendritic Cells

15.1.2.1.4.

Natural Killer Cells

15.1.2.2.

15.1.2.2.1.

15.1.2.2.2.

15.1.2.2.3.

Phagolysosome Formation

15.1.2.2.4.

Microbial Killing

15.1.2.3.

15.1.2.3.1.

Vascular Changes

15.1.2.3.2.

Cellular Recruitment

15.1.2.3.3.

Inflammatory Mediators

15.1.2.3.4.

15.1.2.4.

15.1.2.4.1.

15.1.2.4.2.

Temperature Elevation

15.1.2.4.3.

Metabolic Effects

15.1.2.5.

Complement System

15.1.2.5.1.

Classical Pathway

15.1.2.5.2.

Alternative Pathway

15.1.2.5.3.

15.1.2.5.4.

Complement Functions

15.1.2.6.

15.1.2.6.1.

Type I Interferons

15.1.2.6.2.

Antiviral Activity

15.1.2.6.3.

Immune Modulation

15.2.

Adaptive Immunity

15.2.1.

Immune Recognition

15.2.1.1.

15.2.1.1.1.

Antigen Structure

15.2.1.1.2.

15.2.1.1.3.

Antigenicity vs. Immunogenicity

15.2.1.2.

Major Histocompatibility Complex

15.2.1.2.1.

15.2.1.2.2.

15.2.1.2.3.

Antigen Presentation

15.2.2.

Humoral Immunity

15.2.2.1.

B Cell Development

15.2.2.2.

B Cell Activation

15.2.2.3.

Antibody Structure

15.2.2.3.1.

Heavy and Light Chains

15.2.2.3.2.

Variable and Constant Regions

15.2.2.3.3.

Antibody Classes

15.2.2.4.

Antibody Functions

15.2.2.4.1.

15.2.2.4.2.

15.2.2.4.3.

Complement Activation

15.2.2.4.4.

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

15.2.3.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

15.2.3.1.

T Cell Development

15.2.3.2.

15.2.3.2.1.

15.2.3.2.2.

Cytotoxic T Cells

15.2.3.2.3.

Regulatory T Cells

15.2.3.3.

T Cell Activation

15.2.3.4.

Effector Functions

15.2.3.4.1.

Cytokine Production

15.2.3.4.2.

Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity

15.2.3.4.3.

Immune Regulation

15.2.4.

Immunological Memory

15.2.4.1.

Memory Cell Formation

15.2.4.2.

Primary vs. Secondary Response

15.2.4.3.

Vaccination Principles

15.2.4.4.

Long-Term Protection

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16. Antimicrobial Therapy