Invertebrate Zoology

  1. Invertebrate Ecology and Evolution
    1. Phylogenetic Relationships
      1. Major Clades
        1. Molecular Evidence
          1. Morphological Characters
            1. Fossil Evidence
              1. Evolutionary Trees
              2. Habitat Diversity
                1. Marine Environments
                  1. Pelagic Zone
                    1. Benthic Zone
                      1. Intertidal Zone
                        1. Deep Sea
                          1. Coral Reefs
                            1. Hydrothermal Vents
                            2. Freshwater Environments
                              1. Lentic Systems
                                1. Lotic Systems
                                  1. Wetlands
                                  2. Terrestrial Environments
                                    1. Soil Ecosystems
                                      1. Forest Habitats
                                        1. Grasslands
                                          1. Deserts
                                            1. Cave Systems
                                          2. Ecological Interactions
                                            1. Predator-Prey Relationships
                                              1. Competition
                                                1. Symbiotic Relationships
                                                  1. Mutualism
                                                    1. Commensalism
                                                      1. Parasitism
                                                        1. Endosymbiosis
                                                        2. Food Webs
                                                          1. Energy Flow
                                                          2. Evolutionary Processes
                                                            1. Natural Selection
                                                              1. Adaptation
                                                                1. Speciation
                                                                  1. Extinction
                                                                    1. Coevolution
                                                                      1. Convergent Evolution
                                                                      2. Biogeography
                                                                        1. Distribution Patterns
                                                                          1. Endemism
                                                                            1. Dispersal Mechanisms
                                                                              1. Vicariance
                                                                                1. Island Biogeography
                                                                                2. Conservation Biology
                                                                                  1. Threats to Invertebrates
                                                                                    1. Habitat Loss
                                                                                      1. Climate Change
                                                                                        1. Pollution
                                                                                          1. Invasive Species
                                                                                            1. Overexploitation
                                                                                            2. Conservation Strategies
                                                                                              1. Protected Areas
                                                                                                1. Species Recovery Programs
                                                                                                  1. Habitat Restoration
                                                                                                    1. Ex-situ Conservation
                                                                                                    2. Biodiversity Assessment
                                                                                                      1. Ecosystem Services

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                                                                                                    18. Applied Invertebrate Biology