Invertebrate Zoology

11.

Phylum Annelida

11.1.

General Characteristics

11.1.1.

11.1.2.

11.1.3.

Closed Circulatory System

11.1.4.

11.2.

11.2.1.

Advantages of Segmentation

11.2.2.

Locomotion Benefits

11.2.3.

Organ Redundancy

11.2.4.

Evolutionary Significance

11.3.

Body Wall Structure

11.3.1.

11.3.2.

11.3.3.

Setae Types and Functions

11.4.

11.4.1.

Digestive System

11.4.2.

Circulatory System

11.4.2.1.

Dorsal and Ventral Vessels

11.4.2.2.

Hearts and Pumping

11.4.3.

Respiratory System

11.4.3.1.

11.4.3.2.

Cutaneous Respiration

11.4.4.

Excretory System

11.4.4.1.

11.4.4.2.

11.4.5.

11.4.5.1.

Ventral Nerve Cord

11.4.5.2.

Segmental Ganglia

11.4.5.3.

Sensory Structures

11.4.6.

Reproductive System

11.5.

11.5.1.

Class Polychaeta

11.5.1.1.

11.5.1.2.

Parapodia Structure

11.5.1.3.

Feeding Diversity

11.5.1.4.

Reproductive Strategies

11.5.2.

Class Oligochaeta

11.5.2.1.

11.5.2.2.

Terrestrial Adaptations

11.5.2.3.

11.5.2.4.

Ecological Roles

11.5.3.

Class Hirudinea

11.5.3.1.

11.5.3.2.

Parasitic Adaptations

11.5.3.3.

11.5.3.4.

11.6.

Reproduction and Development

11.6.1.

Asexual Reproduction

11.6.2.

Sexual Reproduction

11.6.3.

Larval Development

11.6.4.

11.7.

11.7.1.

Marine Environments

11.7.2.

Freshwater Habitats

11.7.3.

Terrestrial Ecosystems

11.7.4.

Symbiotic Relationships

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12. Phylum Arthropoda