Invertebrate Zoology

  1. Phylum Annelida
    1. General Characteristics
      1. Segmentation
        1. Setae
          1. Closed Circulatory System
            1. Nephridia
            2. Metamerism
              1. Advantages of Segmentation
                1. Locomotion Benefits
                  1. Organ Redundancy
                    1. Evolutionary Significance
                    2. Body Wall Structure
                      1. Cuticle
                        1. Muscle Layers
                          1. Setae Types and Functions
                          2. Organ Systems
                            1. Digestive System
                              1. Circulatory System
                                1. Dorsal and Ventral Vessels
                                  1. Hearts and Pumping
                                  2. Respiratory System
                                    1. Gills
                                      1. Cutaneous Respiration
                                      2. Excretory System
                                        1. Metanephridia
                                          1. Osmoregulation
                                          2. Nervous System
                                            1. Ventral Nerve Cord
                                              1. Segmental Ganglia
                                                1. Sensory Structures
                                                2. Reproductive System
                                                3. Classification
                                                  1. Class Polychaeta
                                                    1. Marine Worms
                                                      1. Parapodia Structure
                                                        1. Feeding Diversity
                                                          1. Reproductive Strategies
                                                          2. Class Oligochaeta
                                                            1. Earthworms
                                                              1. Terrestrial Adaptations
                                                                1. Clitellum
                                                                  1. Ecological Roles
                                                                  2. Class Hirudinea
                                                                    1. Leeches
                                                                      1. Parasitic Adaptations
                                                                        1. Suckers
                                                                          1. Medical Uses
                                                                        2. Reproduction and Development
                                                                          1. Asexual Reproduction
                                                                            1. Sexual Reproduction
                                                                              1. Larval Development
                                                                                1. Regeneration
                                                                                2. Ecology
                                                                                  1. Marine Environments
                                                                                    1. Freshwater Habitats
                                                                                      1. Terrestrial Ecosystems
                                                                                        1. Symbiotic Relationships

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                                                                                      10. Phylum Mollusca

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                                                                                      12. Phylum Arthropoda