Invertebrate Zoology

  1. Comparative Physiology
    1. Support and Movement
      1. Hydrostatic Skeletons
        1. Mechanism
          1. Advantages
          2. Exoskeletons
            1. Structure
              1. Function
                1. Limitations
                2. Endoskeletons
                  1. Composition
                    1. Growth
                      1. Support Mechanisms
                      2. Locomotion Types
                        1. Ciliary Movement
                          1. Flagellar Propulsion
                            1. Muscular Contraction
                              1. Jet Propulsion
                                1. Undulatory Motion
                              2. Nutrition and Digestion
                                1. Feeding Strategies
                                  1. Suspension Feeding
                                    1. Deposit Feeding
                                      1. Herbivory
                                        1. Carnivory
                                          1. Parasitism
                                            1. Symbiotic Nutrition
                                            2. Digestive System Types
                                              1. Intracellular Digestion
                                                1. Incomplete Digestive Tract
                                                  1. Complete Digestive Tract
                                                    1. Specialized Digestive Organs
                                                  2. Gas Exchange
                                                    1. Diffusion Mechanisms
                                                      1. Cutaneous Respiration
                                                        1. Gill Structure and Function
                                                          1. Tracheal Systems
                                                            1. Book Lungs
                                                              1. Respiratory Pigments
                                                              2. Circulation
                                                                1. Open Circulatory Systems
                                                                  1. Closed Circulatory Systems
                                                                    1. Heart Types
                                                                      1. Hemolymph vs Blood
                                                                        1. Oxygen Transport
                                                                        2. Excretion and Osmoregulation
                                                                          1. Nitrogenous Waste Types
                                                                            1. Excretory Organs
                                                                              1. Protonephridia
                                                                                1. Metanephridia
                                                                                  1. Malpighian Tubules
                                                                                    1. Antennal Glands
                                                                                      1. Green Glands
                                                                                        1. Coxal Glands
                                                                                        2. Osmoregulatory Strategies
                                                                                          1. Water Balance
                                                                                          2. Nervous Systems
                                                                                            1. Organization Types
                                                                                              1. Nerve Nets
                                                                                                1. Ladder-like Systems
                                                                                                  1. Centralized Systems
                                                                                                  2. Neuron Structure
                                                                                                    1. Synaptic Transmission
                                                                                                      1. Integration Centers
                                                                                                      2. Sensory Systems
                                                                                                        1. Mechanoreception
                                                                                                          1. Chemoreception
                                                                                                            1. Photoreception
                                                                                                              1. Electroreception
                                                                                                                1. Magnetoreception
                                                                                                                  1. Sensory Organ Evolution
                                                                                                                  2. Reproduction and Development
                                                                                                                    1. Asexual Reproduction
                                                                                                                      1. Budding
                                                                                                                        1. Fission
                                                                                                                          1. Fragmentation
                                                                                                                            1. Parthenogenesis
                                                                                                                            2. Sexual Reproduction
                                                                                                                              1. Gamete Types
                                                                                                                                1. Fertilization
                                                                                                                                  1. Hermaphroditism
                                                                                                                                    1. Sexual Dimorphism
                                                                                                                                    2. Developmental Patterns
                                                                                                                                      1. Cleavage Types
                                                                                                                                        1. Gastrulation
                                                                                                                                          1. Larval Forms
                                                                                                                                            1. Metamorphosis
                                                                                                                                              1. Direct Development

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                                                                                                                                          15. Phylum Chordata

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                                                                                                                                          17. Invertebrate Ecology and Evolution