Invertebrate Zoology

  1. Phylum Mollusca
    1. General Characteristics
      1. Soft Body
        1. Mantle and Shell
          1. Muscular Foot
            1. Radula
            2. Hypothetical Ancestral Mollusc
              1. Body Plan Reconstruction
                1. Evolutionary Modifications
                2. Body Organization
                  1. Head-Foot Region
                    1. Visceral Mass
                      1. Mantle and Mantle Cavity
                        1. Shell Structure and Formation
                        2. Radula
                          1. Structure and Function
                            1. Types and Variations
                              1. Feeding Mechanisms
                              2. Organ Systems
                                1. Digestive System
                                  1. Circulatory System
                                    1. Open Circulation
                                      1. Closed Circulation
                                      2. Respiratory System
                                        1. Gills
                                          1. Lungs
                                            1. Cutaneous Respiration
                                            2. Excretory System
                                              1. Metanephridia
                                                1. Kidney Function
                                                2. Nervous System
                                                  1. Ganglia Organization
                                                    1. Sensory Organs
                                                    2. Reproductive System
                                                    3. Classification
                                                      1. Class Polyplacophora
                                                        1. Chitons
                                                          1. Shell Plates
                                                            1. Habitat and Ecology
                                                            2. Class Gastropoda
                                                              1. Snails and Slugs
                                                                1. Torsion
                                                                  1. Shell Coiling
                                                                    1. Terrestrial Adaptations
                                                                    2. Class Bivalvia
                                                                      1. Clams and Mussels
                                                                        1. Shell Structure
                                                                          1. Filter Feeding
                                                                            1. Burrowing Adaptations
                                                                            2. Class Cephalopoda
                                                                              1. Squid and Octopus
                                                                                1. Shell Reduction
                                                                                  1. Jet Propulsion
                                                                                    1. Intelligence and Behavior
                                                                                    2. Class Scaphopoda
                                                                                      1. Tusk Shells
                                                                                      2. Class Monoplacophora
                                                                                        1. Living Fossils
                                                                                      3. Reproduction and Development
                                                                                        1. Larval Types
                                                                                          1. Metamorphosis
                                                                                            1. Life Cycles
                                                                                            2. Ecology and Distribution
                                                                                              1. Marine Environments
                                                                                                1. Freshwater Species
                                                                                                  1. Terrestrial Molluscs
                                                                                                    1. Economic Importance

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                                                                                                  9. Phylum Rotifera

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                                                                                                  11. Phylum Annelida