Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

  1. Performance and Efficiency
    1. Performance Metrics
      1. Range Characteristics
        1. EPA Range Testing
          1. WLTP Range Testing
            1. Real-World Range Factors
            2. Acceleration Performance
              1. 0-60 mph Times
                1. 0-100 km/h Times
                  1. Quarter-Mile Performance
                  2. Top Speed Capabilities
                    1. Gradeability
                    2. Efficiency Measurements
                      1. Miles Per Gallon Equivalent (MPGe)
                        1. Energy Consumption Ratings
                          1. kWh per 100 miles
                            1. kWh per 100 kilometers
                            2. Well-to-Wheel Analysis
                              1. Energy Source Efficiency
                                1. Transmission Losses
                                  1. Vehicle Efficiency
                                    1. Comparison with ICE Vehicles
                                  2. Regenerative Braking Systems
                                    1. Energy Recovery Principles
                                      1. Brake Blending
                                        1. Regenerative Brake Integration
                                          1. Friction Brake Coordination
                                          2. One-Pedal Driving
                                            1. Adjustable Regeneration Levels
                                              1. Efficiency Impact
                                              2. Vehicle Dynamics Characteristics
                                                1. Instant Torque Delivery
                                                  1. Low Center of Gravity Effects
                                                    1. Weight Distribution Impact
                                                      1. Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH)
                                                        1. Handling Characteristics
                                                          1. Traction Control Systems

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                                                        8. Charging Technology and Infrastructure

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                                                        10. Safety and Maintenance