Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

4.

Electric Machines and Motor Control

4.1.

Electric Motor Fundamentals

4.1.1.

Electromagnetic Induction Principles

4.1.2.

Torque Generation Mechanisms

4.1.3.

Motor-Generator Operation

4.1.4.

Regenerative Capability

4.2.

DC Motor Technologies

4.2.1.

Brushed DC Motors

4.2.1.1.

4.2.1.2.

Operating Principles

4.2.1.3.

4.2.1.4.

4.2.2.

Brushless DC Motors

4.2.2.1.

4.2.2.2.

Operating Principles

4.2.2.3.

Electronic Commutation

4.2.2.4.

4.2.2.5.

4.3.

AC Motor Technologies

4.3.1.

AC Induction Motors

4.3.1.1.

4.3.1.2.

Operating Principles

4.3.1.3.

Squirrel Cage Design

4.3.1.4.

4.3.1.5.

4.3.2.

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

4.3.2.1.

4.3.2.2.

Operating Principles

4.3.2.3.

Magnet Types and Arrangements

4.3.2.4.

4.3.2.5.

4.3.3.

Switched Reluctance Motors

4.3.3.1.

4.3.3.2.

Operating Principles

4.3.3.3.

4.3.3.4.

4.4.

Motor Control Systems

4.4.1.

Speed Control Methods

4.4.2.

Torque Control Methods

4.4.3.

Pulse Width Modulation

4.4.4.

4.4.5.

Field-Oriented Control

4.4.6.

Four-Quadrant Operation

4.4.6.1.

Forward Motoring

4.4.6.2.

Reverse Motoring

4.4.6.3.

Forward Regeneration

4.4.6.4.

Reverse Regeneration

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