Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

  1. Energy Storage Systems
    1. Rechargeable Battery Technologies
      1. Performance Metrics
        1. Energy Density
          1. Power Density
            1. State of Charge
              1. Depth of Discharge
                1. State of Health
                  1. C-Rate
                    1. Cycle Life
                      1. Calendar Life
                      2. Lithium-ion Battery Chemistries
                        1. Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)
                          1. Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA)
                            1. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
                              1. Lithium Titanate (LTO)
                              2. Emerging Battery Technologies
                                1. Solid-State Batteries
                                  1. Sodium-ion Batteries
                                    1. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
                                    2. Legacy Battery Technologies
                                      1. Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
                                        1. Lead-Acid Batteries
                                        2. Battery Structure and Assembly
                                          1. Individual Cell Formats
                                            1. Cylindrical Cells
                                              1. Prismatic Cells
                                                1. Pouch Cells
                                                2. Module Configuration
                                                  1. Series Connections
                                                    1. Parallel Connections
                                                      1. Series-Parallel Combinations
                                                      2. Battery Pack Assembly
                                                        1. Structural Integration
                                                          1. Cooling System Integration
                                                            1. Safety Features
                                                              1. Electrical Connections
                                                          2. Battery Management System
                                                            1. Core Functions
                                                              1. Cell Monitoring
                                                                1. Voltage Measurement
                                                                  1. Current Measurement
                                                                    1. Temperature Monitoring
                                                                      1. Cell Balancing
                                                                        1. Passive Balancing
                                                                          1. Active Balancing
                                                                          2. Protection Functions
                                                                            1. Overcharge Protection
                                                                              1. Over-discharge Protection
                                                                                1. Overcurrent Protection
                                                                                  1. Overtemperature Protection
                                                                                  2. State Estimation
                                                                                    1. State of Charge Estimation
                                                                                      1. State of Health Estimation
                                                                                        1. State of Power Estimation
                                                                                        2. Communication Interfaces
                                                                                          1. Fault Detection and Diagnostics
                                                                                        3. Battery Thermal Management
                                                                                          1. Temperature Control Importance
                                                                                            1. Performance Impact
                                                                                              1. Safety Considerations
                                                                                                1. Longevity Effects
                                                                                                2. Active Cooling Systems
                                                                                                  1. Liquid Cooling
                                                                                                    1. Coolant Types
                                                                                                      1. Cooling Plate Design
                                                                                                        1. Pump and Radiator Systems
                                                                                                        2. Refrigerant Cooling
                                                                                                          1. Direct Cooling
                                                                                                            1. Indirect Cooling
                                                                                                          2. Passive Cooling Systems
                                                                                                            1. Air Cooling
                                                                                                              1. Natural Convection
                                                                                                                1. Heat Sinks
                                                                                                                2. Heating Systems
                                                                                                                  1. Electric Heaters
                                                                                                                    1. Heat Pumps
                                                                                                                      1. Waste Heat Recovery
                                                                                                                    2. Ultracapacitors
                                                                                                                      1. Operating Principles
                                                                                                                        1. High Power Density Applications
                                                                                                                          1. Integration with Battery Systems
                                                                                                                            1. Regenerative Braking Applications
                                                                                                                              1. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

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                                                                                                                            2. Vehicle Architectures and Drivetrains

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                                                                                                                            4. Electric Machines and Motor Control