Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

  1. Vehicle Architectures and Drivetrains
    1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Configurations
      1. Series Hybrid
        1. Operating Principles
          1. Component Layout
            1. Power Flow Characteristics
              1. Advantages
                1. Disadvantages
                  1. Typical Applications
                  2. Parallel Hybrid
                    1. Operating Principles
                      1. Component Layout
                        1. Power Flow Characteristics
                          1. Advantages
                            1. Disadvantages
                              1. Typical Applications
                              2. Series-Parallel Hybrid
                                1. Operating Principles
                                  1. Power-Split Device Function
                                    1. Component Layout
                                      1. Power Flow Characteristics
                                        1. Advantages
                                          1. Disadvantages
                                            1. Typical Applications
                                            2. Mild Hybrid Systems
                                              1. Definition and Characteristics
                                                1. 48V Architecture
                                                  1. Belt-Starter-Generator (BSG)
                                                    1. Integrated Starter-Generator (ISG)
                                                      1. Capabilities and Limitations
                                                      2. Full Hybrid Systems
                                                        1. Definition and Characteristics
                                                          1. High-Voltage Architecture
                                                            1. Electric-Only Capability
                                                              1. Comparison with Mild Hybrids
                                                            2. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architecture
                                                              1. Extended Battery Capacity
                                                                1. External Charging Capability
                                                                  1. Operating Modes
                                                                    1. Charge-Depleting Mode
                                                                      1. Charge-Sustaining Mode
                                                                        1. Blended Operation
                                                                          1. Extended-Range Operation
                                                                          2. Electric-Only Range Considerations
                                                                          3. Battery Electric Vehicle Architecture
                                                                            1. Pure Electric Drivetrain
                                                                              1. Absence of Internal Combustion Engine
                                                                                1. Transmission Systems
                                                                                  1. Single-Speed Reduction Gears
                                                                                    1. Multi-Speed Transmissions
                                                                                    2. Design Simplicity
                                                                                      1. Reduced Mechanical Complexity
                                                                                        1. Fewer Moving Parts
                                                                                        2. Component Packaging
                                                                                          1. Battery Placement Options
                                                                                            1. Motor Placement Configurations
                                                                                              1. Space Utilization Benefits
                                                                                            2. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Architecture
                                                                                              1. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Stack
                                                                                                1. Electrochemical Operation
                                                                                                  1. Onboard Hydrogen Storage
                                                                                                    1. High-Pressure Tank Systems
                                                                                                      1. Safety Considerations
                                                                                                        1. Electric Drivetrain Similarities
                                                                                                          1. Water and Heat Management

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                                                                                                        1. Introduction to Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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                                                                                                        3. Energy Storage Systems