Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

  1. The Sensory Organs
    1. General Sensory Organs
      1. Types of Sensory Receptors
        1. Mechanoreceptors
          1. Chemoreceptors
            1. Photoreceptors
              1. Thermoreceptors
                1. Electroreceptors
                2. Distribution
                  1. Function
                  2. Chemoreceptors
                    1. Olfaction
                      1. Structure of Olfactory Organs
                        1. Olfactory Epithelium
                          1. Evolutionary Adaptations
                            1. Functional Significance
                            2. Gustation
                              1. Taste Buds
                                1. Distribution
                                  1. Types of Taste
                                2. Mechanoreceptors
                                  1. Lateral Line System
                                    1. Structure
                                      1. Function
                                        1. Occurrence in Aquatic Vertebrates
                                          1. Neuromasts
                                          2. Vestibular Apparatus
                                            1. Semicircular Canals
                                              1. Structure
                                                1. Function
                                                2. Otolith Organs
                                                  1. Structure
                                                    1. Function
                                                  2. Auditory System
                                                    1. Structure of the Ear
                                                      1. Outer Ear
                                                        1. Middle Ear
                                                          1. Inner Ear
                                                          2. Evolution of the Ear
                                                            1. Transition from Water to Land
                                                              1. Impedance Matching
                                                          3. Photoreceptors
                                                            1. The Vertebrate Eye
                                                              1. Structure
                                                                1. Cornea
                                                                  1. Lens
                                                                    1. Retina
                                                                    2. Function
                                                                      1. Image Formation
                                                                        1. Light Detection
                                                                        2. Adaptations for Vision
                                                                          1. Nocturnal Adaptations
                                                                            1. Aquatic Adaptations
                                                                          2. Median Eyes
                                                                            1. Pineal Organ
                                                                              1. Structure
                                                                                1. Function
                                                                                2. Parietal Eye
                                                                                  1. Structure
                                                                                    1. Function
                                                                                3. Electroreceptors
                                                                                  1. Structure
                                                                                    1. Function
                                                                                      1. Distribution Among Vertebrates
                                                                                        1. Passive Electroreception
                                                                                          1. Active Electroreception
                                                                                          2. Thermoreceptors
                                                                                            1. Structure
                                                                                              1. Function
                                                                                                1. Role in Thermoregulation
                                                                                                  1. Distribution

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                                                                                                10. The Nervous System

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                                                                                                12. The Endocrine System