Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

11.

The Sensory Organs

11.1.

General Sensory Organs

11.1.1.

Types of Sensory Receptors

11.1.1.1.

Mechanoreceptors

11.1.1.2.

11.1.1.3.

11.1.1.4.

Thermoreceptors

11.1.1.5.

Electroreceptors

11.1.2.

11.1.3.

11.2.

11.2.1.

11.2.1.1.

Structure of Olfactory Organs

11.2.1.2.

Olfactory Epithelium

11.2.1.3.

Evolutionary Adaptations

11.2.1.4.

Functional Significance

11.2.2.

11.2.2.1.

11.2.2.2.

11.2.2.3.

11.3.

Mechanoreceptors

11.3.1.

Lateral Line System

11.3.1.1.

11.3.1.2.

11.3.1.3.

Occurrence in Aquatic Vertebrates

11.3.1.4.

11.3.2.

Vestibular Apparatus

11.3.2.1.

Semicircular Canals

11.3.2.1.1.

11.3.2.1.2.

11.3.2.2.

11.3.2.2.1.

11.3.2.2.2.

11.3.3.

Auditory System

11.3.3.1.

Structure of the Ear

11.3.3.1.1.

11.3.3.1.2.

11.3.3.1.3.

11.3.3.2.

Evolution of the Ear

11.3.3.2.1.

Transition from Water to Land

11.3.3.2.2.

Impedance Matching

11.4.

11.4.1.

The Vertebrate Eye

11.4.1.1.

11.4.1.1.1.

11.4.1.1.2.

11.4.1.1.3.

11.4.1.2.

11.4.1.2.1.

Image Formation

11.4.1.2.2.

Light Detection

11.4.1.3.

Adaptations for Vision

11.4.1.3.1.

Nocturnal Adaptations

11.4.1.3.2.

Aquatic Adaptations

11.4.2.

11.4.2.1.

11.4.2.1.1.

11.4.2.1.2.

11.4.2.2.

11.4.2.2.1.

11.4.2.2.2.

11.5.

Electroreceptors

11.5.1.

11.5.2.

11.5.3.

Distribution Among Vertebrates

11.5.4.

Passive Electroreception

11.5.5.

Active Electroreception

11.6.

Thermoreceptors

11.6.1.

11.6.2.

11.6.3.

Role in Thermoregulation

11.6.4.

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