Biomedical Science

  1. Integrative and Applied Biomedical Science
    1. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
      1. Introduction to Bioinformatics
        1. Definition and Scope
          1. Applications in Biomedical Research
            1. Computational Tools and Resources
            2. Biological Databases
              1. Sequence Databases
                1. GenBank
                  1. EMBL
                    1. DDBJ
                    2. Protein Databases
                      1. UniProt
                        1. Protein Data Bank
                          1. Pfam
                          2. Genomic Databases
                            1. Ensembl
                              1. UCSC Genome Browser
                                1. NCBI Genome
                                2. Literature Databases
                                  1. PubMed
                                    1. Bioinformatics Literature
                                  2. Sequence Analysis
                                    1. Sequence Alignment
                                      1. Pairwise Alignment
                                        1. Global Alignment
                                          1. Local Alignment
                                            1. Scoring Matrices
                                            2. Multiple Sequence Alignment
                                              1. Progressive Alignment
                                                1. Iterative Methods
                                              2. Database Searching
                                                1. BLAST
                                                  1. PSI-BLAST
                                                    1. Profile-Based Searches
                                                    2. Phylogenetic Analysis
                                                      1. Tree Construction Methods
                                                        1. Molecular Evolution
                                                          1. Species Relationships
                                                        2. Genomics
                                                          1. Genome Sequencing
                                                            1. Whole Genome Sequencing
                                                              1. Genome Assembly
                                                                1. Genome Annotation
                                                                2. Comparative Genomics
                                                                  1. Synteny Analysis
                                                                    1. Ortholog Identification
                                                                      1. Evolutionary Genomics
                                                                      2. Functional Genomics
                                                                        1. Gene Expression Analysis
                                                                          1. Regulatory Element Prediction
                                                                            1. Pathway Analysis
                                                                          2. Proteomics
                                                                            1. Protein Structure Analysis
                                                                              1. Secondary Structure Prediction
                                                                                1. Tertiary Structure Modeling
                                                                                  1. Protein Folding
                                                                                  2. Protein Function Prediction
                                                                                    1. Domain Analysis
                                                                                      1. Functional Annotation
                                                                                        1. Protein-Protein Interactions
                                                                                        2. Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis
                                                                                          1. Peptide Identification
                                                                                            1. Protein Quantification
                                                                                              1. Post-Translational Modifications
                                                                                            2. Transcriptomics
                                                                                              1. RNA-Seq Analysis
                                                                                                1. Read Mapping
                                                                                                  1. Transcript Assembly
                                                                                                    1. Differential Expression Analysis
                                                                                                    2. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
                                                                                                      1. Cell Type Identification
                                                                                                        1. Trajectory Analysis
                                                                                                          1. Spatial Transcriptomics
                                                                                                          2. Non-Coding RNA Analysis
                                                                                                            1. microRNA Target Prediction
                                                                                                              1. Long Non-Coding RNA Function
                                                                                                            2. Systems Biology
                                                                                                              1. Network Biology
                                                                                                                1. Protein Interaction Networks
                                                                                                                  1. Gene Regulatory Networks
                                                                                                                    1. Metabolic Networks
                                                                                                                    2. Pathway Analysis
                                                                                                                      1. Pathway Databases
                                                                                                                        1. Enrichment Analysis
                                                                                                                          1. Network-Based Analysis
                                                                                                                          2. Mathematical Modeling
                                                                                                                            1. Ordinary Differential Equations
                                                                                                                              1. Boolean Networks
                                                                                                                                1. Stochastic Models
                                                                                                                              2. Structural Bioinformatics
                                                                                                                                1. Protein Structure Databases
                                                                                                                                  1. Structure Prediction Methods
                                                                                                                                    1. Drug Design Applications
                                                                                                                                      1. Molecular Dynamics Simulations
                                                                                                                                      2. Clinical Bioinformatics
                                                                                                                                        1. Genomic Medicine
                                                                                                                                          1. Variant Annotation
                                                                                                                                            1. Clinical Interpretation
                                                                                                                                              1. Pharmacogenomics
                                                                                                                                              2. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                1. Biomarker Discovery
                                                                                                                                                  1. Treatment Selection
                                                                                                                                                    1. Patient Stratification
                                                                                                                                                2. Epidemiology and Public Health
                                                                                                                                                  1. Principles of Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                    1. Definition and Scope
                                                                                                                                                      1. Epidemiological Triad
                                                                                                                                                        1. Causation in Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                          1. Prevention Strategies
                                                                                                                                                          2. Study Designs
                                                                                                                                                            1. Descriptive Studies
                                                                                                                                                              1. Case Reports
                                                                                                                                                                1. Case Series
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cross-Sectional Studies
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ecological Studies
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Analytical Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Case-Control Studies
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cohort Studies
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Nested Case-Control Studies
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Experimental Studies
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Randomized Controlled Trials
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Community Trials
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Natural Experiments
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Measures of Disease Frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Incidence
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Incidence Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cumulative Incidence
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Attack Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Prevalence
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Point Prevalence
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Period Prevalence
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Mortality Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Crude Mortality Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Age-Specific Mortality Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Case Fatality Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Measures of Association
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Risk Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Odds Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Attributable Risk
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Population Attributable Risk
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Bias and Confounding
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Selection Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Information Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Confounding Variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Effect Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Screening and Diagnostic Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sensitivity and Specificity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Predictive Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. ROC Curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Screening Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Outbreak Investigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Outbreak Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Descriptive Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hypothesis Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Analytical Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Control Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Biostatistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Descriptive Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Measures of Central Tendency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Measures of Variability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Data Visualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Probability Distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Normal Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Binomial Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Poisson Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Hypothesis Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Type I and Type II Errors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. P-Values and Confidence Intervals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Power Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Statistical Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. t-Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Chi-Square Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. ANOVA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Regression Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Survival Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Kaplan-Meier Method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cox Proportional Hazards Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Environmental Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Environmental Risk Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Exposure Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Dose-Response Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Risk Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Infectious Disease Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transmission Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Herd Immunity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Vaccine Effectiveness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Chronic Disease Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cardiovascular Disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cancer Epidemiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diabetes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Respiratory Diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Bioethics and Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Principles of Bioethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Historical Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ethical Frameworks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Principlism Approach
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Core Ethical Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Autonomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Decision-Making Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Advance Directives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Beneficence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Duty to Do Good
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Risk-Benefit Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Best Interests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Non-Maleficence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Do No Harm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Risk Minimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Safety Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Justice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Distributive Justice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Procedural Justice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Social Justice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Research Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Historical Context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nuremberg Code
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Declaration of Helsinki
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Belmont Report
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Risk-Benefit Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Minimal Risk
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Risk Categories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Risk Mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Human Subjects Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Institutional Review Boards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. IRB Composition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Review Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Continuing Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Vulnerable Populations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Children
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pregnant Women
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Prisoners
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cognitively Impaired Individuals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. International Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cultural Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Resource-Limited Settings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Collaborative Partnerships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Animal Research Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ethical Justification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Three Rs Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Replacement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Refinement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Animal Welfare Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Clinical Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Patient-Physician Relationship
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Truth-Telling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Confidentiality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. End-of-Life Care
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Resource Allocation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Genetics and Genomics Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Genetic Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Genetic Counseling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Privacy and Discrimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Gene Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Genome Editing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Regulatory Framework
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Regulatory Agencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. FDA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. EMA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. ICH Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Good Clinical Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. GCP Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Clinical Trial Conduct
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Data Integrity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Good Laboratory Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. GLP Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Quality Assurance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Documentation Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Good Manufacturing Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. GMP Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Clinical Trial Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Protocol Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Investigational New Drug Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Trial Phases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Adverse Event Reporting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Data Safety Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Medical Device Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Device Classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Premarket Approval
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Quality System Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Post-Market Surveillance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Intellectual Property
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Patents in Biotechnology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Trade Secrets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Technology Transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Licensing Agreements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Introduction to Regenerative Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Definition and Goals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Historical Perspective
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Current Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Future Directions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Stem Cell Biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stem Cell Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Self-Renewal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pluripotency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Differentiation Potential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Types of Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Embryonic Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Derivation and Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pluripotency Markers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Differentiation Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Adult Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hematopoietic Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Neural Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tissue-Specific Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Reprogramming Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Generation Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Characterization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Stem Cell Niches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Niche Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Signaling Pathways
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Niche Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Developmental Biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Embryonic Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fertilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cleavage and Blastulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gastrulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Organogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cell Fate Determination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transcription Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Signaling Pathways
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Epigenetic Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Morphogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cell Migration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cell Death
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tissue Patterning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Tissue Engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Principles of Tissue Engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Biomaterials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Natural Biomaterials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Synthetic Biomaterials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Biocompatibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Biodegradability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Scaffolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Scaffold Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fabrication Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Surface Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Cell Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Primary Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stem Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cell Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Bioreactors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Static Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Dynamic Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Perfusion Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Cell Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cell-Based Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cell Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cell Isolation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cell Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cell Characterization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Delivery Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Local Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Systemic Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Targeted Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Clinical Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cardiac Cell Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Neural Cell Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Orthopedic Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Gene Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gene Delivery Vectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Viral Vectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Non-Viral Vectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Physical Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Gene Editing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. CRISPR-Cas Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Base Editing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Prime Editing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Therapeutic Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gene Addition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gene Correction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Gene Silencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Organ Transplantation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transplant Immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Organ Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Xenotransplantation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Artificial Organs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Regulatory Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. FDA Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Trial Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Manufacturing Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ethical Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Challenges and Future Directions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Technical Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Safety Concerns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cost Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Personalized Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Systems Biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Introduction to Systems Biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Definition and Scope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Systems vs Reductionist Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Emergence and Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Historical Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Systems Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Holistic Approach
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Network Perspectives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Multi-Scale Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Interdisciplinary Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Biological Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Types of Biological Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gene Regulatory Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Metabolic Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Signaling Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Network Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Topology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Modularity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Robustness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Network Analysis Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Centrality Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clustering Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pathway Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Network Comparison
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Mathematical Modeling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Model Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Deterministic Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Stochastic Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Discrete Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Continuous Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Ordinary Differential Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Linear Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Non-Linear Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Steady-State Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Stability Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Boolean Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Boolean Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Attractors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Network Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Agent-Based Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Individual-Based Modeling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Emergent Behavior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Multi-Agent Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Omics Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Multi-Omics Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transcriptomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Proteomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Metabolomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Epigenomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Data Integration Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Statistical Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Network-Based Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Machine Learning Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Systems Pharmacology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drug-Target Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Polypharmacology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Drug Repurposing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Computational Tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Simulation Software
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Network Analysis Tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Database Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Visualization Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Applications in Disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cancer Systems Biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tumor Heterogeneity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drug Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biomarker Discovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Metabolic Diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Diabetes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Obesity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Metabolic Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Neurological Disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Alzheimer's Disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Parkinson's Disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Infectious Diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Host-Pathogen Interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Vaccine Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Personalized Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Individual Variability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Biomarker Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Treatment Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Precision Dosing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Synthetic Biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Biological Design Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Standardized Parts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Genetic Circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biosensors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Therapeutic Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Challenges and Future Directions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Data Quality and Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Model Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Computational Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Translation to Clinical Practice

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8. Biomedical Laboratory Disciplines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to Start

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Foundations of Biomedical Science