Bacterial Pathogenesis

  1. Mechanisms of Host Tissue Damage
    1. Bacterial Toxin Production
      1. Exotoxin Classification
        1. A-B Toxins
          1. Membrane-Disrupting Toxins
            1. Superantigens
              1. Enzymatic Toxins
              2. Toxin Secretion Systems
                1. Type I Secretion
                  1. Type II Secretion
                    1. Type III Secretion
                      1. Type IV Secretion
                        1. Type V Secretion
                          1. Type VI Secretion
                          2. A-B Toxin Mechanisms
                            1. Binding Domain Function
                              1. Catalytic Domain Activity
                                1. Cellular Entry Mechanisms
                                  1. Intracellular Targets
                                  2. Membrane-Active Toxins
                                    1. Pore-Forming Toxins
                                      1. Phospholipase Activity
                                        1. Membrane Destabilization
                                          1. Cell Lysis Mechanisms
                                          2. Superantigen Activity
                                            1. T Cell Receptor Binding
                                              1. MHC Class II Interaction
                                                1. Cytokine Storm Induction
                                                  1. Toxic Shock Syndrome
                                                2. Endotoxin and Lipopolysaccharide
                                                  1. LPS Structure and Components
                                                    1. Lipid A Structure
                                                      1. Core Oligosaccharide
                                                        1. O-Antigen Variability
                                                        2. LPS Recognition and Signaling
                                                          1. TLR4 Pathway Activation
                                                            1. CD14 and MD-2 Cofactors
                                                              1. MyD88-Dependent Signaling
                                                              2. Pathophysiological Effects
                                                                1. Fever Induction
                                                                  1. Acute Phase Response
                                                                    1. Coagulation Activation
                                                                      1. Complement Activation
                                                                      2. Sepsis and Septic Shock
                                                                        1. Systemic Inflammatory Response
                                                                          1. Cardiovascular Collapse
                                                                            1. Multi-Organ Dysfunction
                                                                              1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
                                                                            2. Direct Pathogen-Mediated Damage
                                                                              1. Cytolytic Enzyme Production
                                                                                1. Phospholipases
                                                                                  1. Proteases
                                                                                    1. Nucleases
                                                                                    2. Physical Cell Destruction
                                                                                      1. Membrane Disruption
                                                                                        1. Organelle Damage
                                                                                          1. DNA Damage
                                                                                          2. Metabolic Disruption
                                                                                            1. Nutrient Competition
                                                                                              1. Metabolic Byproduct Toxicity
                                                                                                1. Energy Depletion
                                                                                              2. Immunopathology
                                                                                                1. Inflammatory Tissue Damage
                                                                                                  1. Neutrophil-Mediated Damage
                                                                                                    1. Complement-Mediated Lysis
                                                                                                      1. Cytokine-Induced Pathology
                                                                                                      2. Immune Complex Disease
                                                                                                        1. Immune Complex Formation
                                                                                                          1. Tissue Deposition
                                                                                                            1. Complement Activation
                                                                                                            2. Autoimmune Responses
                                                                                                              1. Molecular Mimicry
                                                                                                                1. Bystander Activation
                                                                                                                  1. Cross-Reactive Antibodies
                                                                                                                  2. Chronic Inflammation
                                                                                                                    1. Granuloma Formation
                                                                                                                      1. Tissue Fibrosis
                                                                                                                        1. Organ Dysfunction

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                                                                                                                    6. Immune System Evasion Strategies

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                                                                                                                    8. Virulence Gene Regulation