Bacterial Pathogenesis

  1. Immune System Evasion Strategies
    1. Innate Immunity Evasion
      1. Phagocytosis Resistance
        1. Capsule-Mediated Resistance
          1. Surface Protein Modifications
            1. Complement Inhibition
              1. Opsonization Prevention
              2. Phagocyte Survival Mechanisms
                1. Phagolysosome Fusion Inhibition
                  1. Oxidative Stress Resistance
                    1. Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance
                      1. Cytoplasmic Escape
                      2. Pattern Recognition Receptor Evasion
                        1. Toll-Like Receptor Inhibition
                          1. PAMP Modification
                            1. Signaling Pathway Interference
                            2. Complement System Evasion
                              1. Classical Pathway Inhibition
                                1. Alternative Pathway Inhibition
                                  1. Membrane Attack Complex Prevention
                                  2. Neutrophil Evasion
                                    1. Chemotaxis Inhibition
                                      1. Degranulation Prevention
                                        1. NET Formation Inhibition
                                      2. Adaptive Immunity Evasion
                                        1. Antigenic Variation
                                          1. Phase Variation Mechanisms
                                            1. Antigenic Switching
                                              1. Gene Conversion Systems
                                                1. Recombination-Based Variation
                                                2. Antigenic Mimicry
                                                  1. Molecular Mimicry of Host Antigens
                                                    1. Cross-Reactive Epitopes
                                                    2. Antigenic Masking
                                                      1. Host Protein Coating
                                                        1. Biofilm Protection
                                                          1. Intracellular Hiding
                                                          2. Antibody Evasion
                                                            1. IgA Protease Production
                                                              1. Fc Receptor Binding
                                                                1. Antibody Degradation
                                                                2. T Cell Response Evasion
                                                                  1. MHC Class I Downregulation
                                                                    1. MHC Class II Interference
                                                                      1. Antigen Presentation Inhibition
                                                                        1. T Cell Apoptosis Induction
                                                                        2. Immunosuppression Induction
                                                                          1. Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Production
                                                                            1. Regulatory T Cell Activation
                                                                              1. Immune Cell Dysfunction

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                                                                          5. Nutrient Acquisition from Host

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                                                                          7. Mechanisms of Host Tissue Damage